Larkin Robert M
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Fundam Res. 2022 Sep 19;4(5):1167-1170. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.004. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Mechanisms that allocate cellular space to organelles are of fundamental importance to biology but remain poorly understood. A detailed understanding of mechanisms that allocate cellular space to plastids, such as chloroplasts, will lead to high-yielding crops with enhanced nutritional value. The () genes in tomato contribute to regulated proteolysis and abscisic acid metabolism. The gene was the first gene reported to influence the amount of cellular space occupied by chloroplasts and chromoplasts almost 20 years ago. Recently, our knowledge of mechanisms that allocate cellular space to plastids was enhanced by new information on the influence of cell type on the amount of cellular space occupied by plastids and the identification of new genes that help to allocate cellular space to plastids. These genes encode proteins with unknown and diverse biochemical functions. Several transcription factors were recently reported to regulate the numbers and sizes of chloroplasts in fleshy fruit. If these transcription factors do not induce compensating effects on cell size, they should affect the amount of cellular space occupied by plastids. Although we can now propose more detailed models for the network that allocates cellular space to plastids, many gaps remain in our knowledge of this network and the genes targeted by this network. Nonetheless, these recent breakthroughs provide optimism for future progress in this field.
将细胞空间分配给细胞器的机制对生物学至关重要，但仍知之甚少。深入了解将细胞空间分配给质体（如叶绿体）的机制，将培育出营养价值更高的高产作物。番茄中的（）基因有助于调节蛋白水解和脱落酸代谢。大约20年前，该基因是首个被报道影响叶绿体和有色体所占细胞空间量的基因。最近，关于细胞类型对质体所占细胞空间量的影响的新信息以及有助于将细胞空间分配给质体的新基因的鉴定，增强了我们对将细胞空间分配给质体的机制的认识。这些基因编码具有未知和多样生化功能的蛋白质。最近有报道称，几种转录因子可调节肉质果实中叶绿体的数量和大小。如果这些转录因子不会对细胞大小产生补偿作用，那么它们应该会影响质体所占的细胞空间量。尽管我们现在可以为将细胞空间分配给质体的网络提出更详细的模型，但我们对该网络及其靶向基因的了解仍存在许多空白。尽管如此，这些最近的突破为该领域未来的进展带来了希望。
