Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Adv Neurobiol. 2024;42:241-262. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-69832-3_12.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue, with diverse consequences across the lifespan. This comprehensive review explores the complex interplay between age-related responses and the immune system following TBI. TBI exhibits distinct effects in pediatric, adult, and elderly populations, with profound implications for recovery and long-term outcomes. The immune system, as a key player in the post-TBI inflammatory cascade, exerts age-dependent influences on inflammation, neuroinflammation, and tissue repair. We examine the evolving understanding of age-related neuroinflammatory responses, cytokine profiles, and the role of immune cells, such as microglia and T cells, in the context of TBI. Furthermore, we evaluate the therapeutic implications of age-specific immunomodulation strategies toward mitigating TBI-associated neuropathology. This review consolidates the current knowledge on age-related immune responses in TBI, shedding light on potential avenues for tailored therapeutic interventions across the age spectrum. Understanding these nuanced responses is crucial for optimizing patient care and enhancing recovery outcomes in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在整个生命周期中都有不同的后果。本综述探讨了 TBI 后年龄相关反应与免疫系统之间的复杂相互作用。TBI 在儿科、成人和老年人群中表现出不同的影响，对恢复和长期结果有深远的影响。免疫系统作为 TBI 后炎症级联反应中的关键参与者，对炎症、神经炎症和组织修复产生年龄依赖性影响。我们研究了年龄相关的神经炎症反应、细胞因子谱以及免疫细胞（如小胶质细胞和 T 细胞）在 TBI 背景下的作用的不断发展的理解。此外，我们评估了针对特定年龄的免疫调节策略的治疗意义，以减轻与 TBI 相关的神经病理学。本综述总结了 TBI 中与年龄相关的免疫反应的现有知识，为在整个年龄范围内针对特定治疗干预措施提供了思路。了解这些细微的反应对于优化患者护理和增强创伤性脑损伤后的恢复结果至关重要。
