新冠疫情对中国男护生职业承诺的影响：一项描述性比较研究。
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional commitment of male nursing students in China: a descriptive comparative study.
作者信息
Wang Huijie, Cheng Shuyuan, Liu Peixuan, Feng Zhifen, Zhang Guozeng
机构信息
Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jin Ming Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2024 Oct 21;23(1):771. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02410-0.
BACKGROUND
The social culture, gender stereotypes, and social status of nursing in China impact the professional commitment of male nursing students. Increasing the professional commitment of male nursing students is critical for alleviating the shortage of nurses and addressing the gender gap. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread public concern about the nursing profession and may have changed people's perception of the profession, which in turn may have a positive impact on the professional commitment of male nursing students in China.
OBJECTIVE
This research aimed to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the professional commitment of male nursing students in China and to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on potential factors that might affect their professional commitment.
METHODS
A descriptive comparative study was conducted. This study involved total 368 male nursing students from five 4-year universities in Henan Province, China. 190 male nursing students were included before the COVID-19 pandemic (October to November 2019) and 178 were included after the COVID-19 pandemic (April to May 2023). The data, such as the sociodemographic characteristics and professional commitment of the two samples, were collected using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The research instruments used included the Professional Commitment Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the General Self-efficacy Scale. The data analysis employed χ-tests, t-tests and hierarchical regression models.
RESULTS
The proportion of Chinese male nursing students who are interested in nursing and do not intend to leave the major has increased after the pandemic (65.17% vs. 29.47%, 61.80% vs. 39.47%, respectively). Male nursing students exhibited greater professional commitment (3.30 ± 0.63) after the pandemic compared to before the pandemic (2.77 ± 0.43). The various factors, such as grade, intend to leave the major, interest in nursing, social support, and general self-efficacy, were linked to professional commitment of male nursing students in China.
CONCLUSIONS
Male nursing students in China exhibited greater professional commitment after the pandemic. This phenomenon may be attributed to the public's increased recognition of the significance of nursing work during the pandemic, and the social status and image of nursing profession have been improved. Given the changes brought about by the COVID-19, strategies should be considered by nursing decision makers and schools to strengthen the professional commitment of male nursing students and increase the number of male nurses in the post-pandemic era.
背景
中国护理行业的社会文化、性别刻板印象和社会地位影响着男护生的职业承诺。提高男护生的职业承诺对于缓解护士短缺和解决性别差距至关重要。新冠疫情的爆发引起了公众对护理行业的广泛关注，可能改变了人们对该职业的看法，进而可能对中国男护生的职业承诺产生积极影响。
目的
本研究旨在评估新冠疫情如何影响中国男护生的职业承诺，并分析新冠疫情对可能影响其职业承诺的潜在因素的影响。
方法
进行了一项描述性比较研究。本研究共纳入了来自中国河南省五所四年制大学的368名男护生。190名男护生在新冠疫情之前（2019年10月至11月）被纳入，178名在新冠疫情之后（2023年4月至5月）被纳入。使用纸质问卷收集两个样本的社会人口学特征和职业承诺等数据。所使用的研究工具包括职业承诺量表、领悟社会支持多维量表和一般自我效能量表。数据分析采用χ检验、t检验和层次回归模型。
结果
疫情后，对护理感兴趣且不打算转专业的中国男护生比例有所增加（分别为65.17%对29.47%，61.80%对39.47%）。与疫情前相比，男护生在疫情后的职业承诺更高（3.30±0.63对2.77±0.43）。年级、打算转专业、对护理的兴趣、社会支持和一般自我效能等各种因素与中国男护生的职业承诺相关。
结论
中国男护生在疫情后表现出更高的职业承诺。这种现象可能归因于疫情期间公众对护理工作重要性的认可度提高，以及护理行业的社会地位和形象得到改善。鉴于新冠疫情带来的变化，护理决策者和学校应考虑采取策略，以加强男护生的职业承诺，并在疫情后时代增加男护士的数量。
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