Bostrom B, Smith K, Ramsay N K
Exp Hematol. 1986 Feb;14(2):156-61.
Chloramphenicol, an antibiotic associated with reversible bone marrow suppression and fatal aplastic anemia, was found to increase human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM) in vitro. Maximal stimulation was at a concentration of 1.0 micrograms/ml (3.1 microM), with inhibition at concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/ml. This effect was noted in normal donors and in children with neutropenia of various etiologies. Stimulation was ablated by depletion of bone-marrow-adherent cells and was restored by addition of peripheral-blood-adherent mononuclear cells. The stimulatory effect appears to be specific for chloramphenicol, as numerous structural analogues of chloramphenicol, including its three stereoisomers, did not show stimulation. The stimulation was present at plateau concentrations of colony-stimulating activity, suggesting that the stimulatory effect is not due to elaboration of excess colony-stimulating activity by chloramphenicol. We hypothesize that low concentrations of chloramphenicol stimulate CFU-GM by a highly specific interaction with adherent mononuclear cells and elaboration of an undefined growth factor.
氯霉素是一种与可逆性骨髓抑制和致命性再生障碍性贫血相关的抗生素，体外实验发现它能增加人类骨髓粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落（CFU-GM）。最大刺激浓度为1.0微克/毫升（3.1微摩尔），浓度大于10微克/毫升时则产生抑制作用。在正常供者和各种病因导致的中性粒细胞减少症患儿中均观察到这种效应。去除骨髓黏附细胞后刺激作用消失，加入外周血黏附单核细胞后刺激作用恢复。这种刺激作用似乎对氯霉素具有特异性，因为氯霉素的许多结构类似物，包括其三种立体异构体，均未表现出刺激作用。在集落刺激活性的平台浓度时仍存在刺激作用，这表明刺激作用并非由于氯霉素产生过量的集落刺激活性所致。我们推测，低浓度的氯霉素通过与黏附单核细胞的高度特异性相互作用以及分泌一种未明确的生长因子来刺激CFU-GM。
