College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Nov 1;286:117216. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117216. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
Cadmium (Cd) has adverse effects on organisms. Serine is an essential nutritional factor and its nutritional value is extremely high for body. To explore the effects of serine on spleen toxicity induced by Cd in mice, cadmium chloride (CdCl, 50 mg/L) and serine (50 g/L) were individually administered or co-administrated in drinking water of mice for 18 weeks. Results demonstrated that Cd exposure induced splenic toxicity and serine against the toxicity damage caused by Cd in mice. Under Cd stress, trace element homeostasis was disturbed, the mice's body weight and spleen index were increased, and splenic morphology and ultrastructure were altered. Furthermore, Cd exposure led to the cell populations disorder, which in turn triggers cell death. Notably, Cd treatment induced oxidative stress and inflammation, increased M1/M2 (iNOS, CD68) and Th1/Th2 (T-bet, CD4) levels, decreased M1/M2 (Arg1) and Th1/Th2 (GATA3) levels, while disrupted the macrophages and lymphocytes homeostasis, which trigged apoptosis and pyroptosis in spleen. In contrast, serine supplementation changed the levels of Cd and other elements, weakened Cd-induced tissue damage and inflammation, enhanced antioxidant capacity, significantly restored cell homeostasis, and effectively inhibited Cd-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in the spleen. Shortly, the results verified that serine had an ameliorating toxicity effect and restored the M1/M2 and Th1/Th2 balance, restrained apoptosis and pyroptosis induced by Cd.
镉（Cd）对生物体有不良影响。丝氨酸是一种必需的营养因子，其营养价值对身体极高。为了探索丝氨酸对镉诱导的小鼠脾脏毒性的影响，在饮用水中分别单独或共同给予氯化镉（CdCl，50mg/L）和丝氨酸（50g/L）18 周。结果表明，镉暴露会引起脾脏毒性，而丝氨酸可对抗镉对小鼠造成的毒性损伤。在镉胁迫下，微量元素稳态被扰乱，小鼠体重和脾脏指数增加，脾脏形态和超微结构发生改变。此外，镉暴露导致细胞群紊乱，从而引发细胞死亡。值得注意的是，镉处理诱导氧化应激和炎症，增加 M1/M2（iNOS、CD68）和 Th1/Th2（T-bet、CD4）水平，降低 M1/M2（Arg1）和 Th1/Th2（GATA3）水平，破坏巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞稳态，引发脾脏细胞凋亡和焦亡。相反，丝氨酸补充改变了镉和其他元素的水平，减弱了镉引起的组织损伤和炎症，增强了抗氧化能力，显著恢复了细胞稳态，并有效抑制了镉诱导的脾脏细胞凋亡和焦亡。总之，结果证实丝氨酸具有减轻毒性作用，恢复 M1/M2 和 Th1/Th2 平衡，抑制镉诱导的细胞凋亡和焦亡。
