School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
Xenesis Institute, Absolute, 5th Floor, Plot 68, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana, 122002, India.
Virology. 2024 Dec;600:110267. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110267. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
The recent outbreaks of neurotropic West Nile Virus (WNV) in humans are of grave public health concern, requiring a thorough understanding of the host immune response to develop effective therapeutic interventions. Innate immunity contributes to the primary immune response against WNV infection aimed at controlling and eliminating the virus from the body. As soon as WNV infects the body, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, particularly viral RNA, and initiate innate immune responses. This review explores the diverse PRRs in sensing WNV infection and orchestrating immune defenses. Specifically, this paper reviews the role of PRRs in WNV infection, encompassing both findings from mouse models and current clinical studies. Activation of PRRs triggers signaling pathways that induce the expression of antiviral proteins to inhibit viral replication. Understanding the intricacies of the immune response is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic interventions against WNV infection.
最近人类中出现的神经亲和性西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 爆发引起了严重的公共卫生关注，需要深入了解宿主对病毒的免疫反应，以开发有效的治疗干预措施。先天免疫有助于针对 WNV 感染的主要免疫反应，旨在控制和消除体内的病毒。一旦 WNV 感染人体，模式识别受体 (PRRs) 就会识别病毒病原体相关的分子模式，特别是病毒 RNA，并启动先天免疫反应。本综述探讨了 PRRs 在感知 WNV 感染和协调免疫防御中的多样性。具体来说，本文综述了 PRRs 在 WNV 感染中的作用，包括来自小鼠模型和当前临床研究的发现。PRRs 的激活触发信号通路，诱导抗病毒蛋白的表达，以抑制病毒复制。了解免疫反应的复杂性对于开发针对 WNV 感染的有效疫苗和治疗干预措施至关重要。
