Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Jan;111(1):116550. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116550. Epub 2024 Oct 16.
Despite the lower virulence of current SARS-CoV-2 variants and high rates of vaccinated and previously infected subjects, COVID-19 remains a persistent threat in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study evaluated the parameters of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production in 120 KTRs. The production of neutralizing antibodies in KTRs, following booster vaccination with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, was significantly decreased and their decline was faster than in healthy subjects. Factors predisposing to the downregulation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies included age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a full dose of mycophenolate mofetil. Neutralizing antibodies correlated with those targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), SARS-CoV-2 Spike trimmer, total SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein, as well as with antibodies to the deadly SARS-CoV-1 virus. No cross-reactivity was found with antibodies against seasonal coronaviruses. KTRs exhibited lower postvaccination production of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; however, the specificity of their humoral response did not differ compared to healthy subjects.
尽管当前 SARS-CoV-2 变异株的毒力较低，且接种疫苗和既往感染的患者比例较高，但 COVID-19 仍是肾移植受者（KTR）持续存在的威胁。本研究评估了 120 例 KTR 产生抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体的参数。在接受 mRNA 疫苗 BNT162b2 加强接种后，KTR 产生中和抗体的能力显著下降，且下降速度快于健康受试者。导致抗 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体下调的因素包括年龄、估算肾小球滤过率降低和霉酚酸酯全剂量。中和抗体与针对 SARS-CoV-2 受体结合域（RBD）、SARS-CoV-2 Spike 修剪器、SARS-CoV-2 S1 总蛋白以及针对致命 SARS-CoV-1 病毒的抗体相关。与针对季节性冠状病毒的抗体无交叉反应。KTR 接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗后产生的中和抗体水平较低；然而，与健康受试者相比，其体液免疫反应的特异性并无差异。
