Cothern C R, Lappenbusch W L, Michel J
Health Phys. 1986 Jan;50(1):33-47. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198601000-00002.
The average concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water are estimated from recent measurements and are used to estimate the annual effective dose equivalent associated with drinking water due to the different radionuclides. The annual effective dose equivalents are determined from the annual intake of these radionuclides using dosimetric information based on ICRP Publication 30 dosimetric models and cohort analysis considering risk coefficients developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency using data from the report of the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Committee (BEIR III) of the National Academy of Sciences. The resulting contribution from drinking water sources to the annual effective dose equivalent is in the range of 0.002 to 0.05 mSv/y (0.2-5 mrem/yr) for those using community drinking water supplies (approximately 216 million people in the United States). The contribution to the annual effective dose equivalent from 222Rn dissolved in water is in the range of 0.8-30 mu Sv/y (0.08-3 mrem/yr) based on the inhalation pathway following the release of 222Rn from drinking water.
饮用水中天然存在的放射性核素的平均浓度是根据近期测量值估算得出的，并用于估算因不同放射性核素而与饮用水相关的年有效剂量当量。年有效剂量当量是根据这些放射性核素的年摄入量，利用基于国际放射防护委员会第30号出版物剂量学模型的剂量学信息以及考虑美国环境保护局利用美国国家科学院电离辐射生物学效应委员会（BEIR III）报告中的数据制定的风险系数的队列分析来确定的。对于使用社区饮用水供应的人群（美国约有2.16亿人），饮用水源对年有效剂量当量的贡献范围为0.002至0.05毫希沃特/年（0.2 - 5毫雷姆/年）。根据饮用水中释放出的222Rn的吸入途径，溶解在水中的222Rn对年有效剂量当量的贡献范围为0.8 - 30微希沃特/年（0.08 - 3毫雷姆/年）。
