Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA.
J Insect Sci. 2024 Sep 1;24(5). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae103.
Outdoor spatial mosquito repellents, such as mosquito coils or heating devices, release pyrethroid insecticides into the air to provide protection from mosquitoes within a defined area. This broadcast discharge of pyrethroids into the environment raises concern about the effect on non-target organisms. A previous study found that prallethrin discharged from a heating device did not affect honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) [Hymenoptera: Apidae] foraging or recruitment. In this second study, there was no significant difference in foraging frequency (our primary outcome), waggle dance propensity, or persistency in honey bees collecting sucrose solution between those exposed to metofluthrin from a different heating device and bees exposed to a non-metofluthrin control. One measure, waggle dance frequency, was higher in the metofluthrin treatment than the control but this outcome was likely a spurious result due to the small sample size. The small particle size of the emissions, averaging 4.43 µm, from the heated spatial repellent products, which remain airborne with little settling, may play an important role in the lack of effect found on honey bee foraging.
户外空间驱蚊剂，如蚊香或加热装置，将拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂释放到空气中，以在特定区域内提供防蚊保护。这种拟除虫菊酯在环境中的广播排放引起了人们对非目标生物影响的关注。先前的一项研究发现，加热装置释放的炔丙菊酯不会影响蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）[膜翅目：Apidae]的觅食或招募。在第二项研究中，暴露于来自不同加热装置的炔丙菊酯的蜜蜂与暴露于非炔丙菊酯对照的蜜蜂之间在觅食频率（我们的主要结果）、摇摆舞倾向或收集蔗糖溶液的持久性方面没有显着差异。在炔丙菊酯处理组中，摇摆舞频率高于对照组，但由于样本量小，这一结果可能是一个虚假结果。加热空间驱蚊产品的排放物平均粒径为 4.43 µm，粒径小，在空中停留时间长，沉降少，这可能是对蜜蜂觅食没有影响的重要原因。
