Brousse Catherine M, Chia Katherine, Kaschak Michael P
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2025 May;53(4):1207-1225. doi: 10.3758/s13421-024-01645-1. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
When faced with requests for information ("Where did you go last night?"), why do speakers make non-sentential replies ("The movies") rather than full sentence replies ("I went to the movies")? We examine the role that pragmatic factors (politeness and formality) and memory factors (the speaker's ability to retrieve the answer to the question) play in determining whether speakers generate a non-sentential reply. Participants answered a series of questions about their lives. Pragmatic factors affected the participants' responses. Speakers instructed to be polite or formal made fewer non-sentential replies than speakers who did not receive specific instructions. Memory retrieval (indexed both by the time required for the participant to begin their response and by the presence of disfluencies at the beginning of the response) did not have a straightforward relationship to the production of non-sentential replies. The effect of response latency and disfluencies depended on whether the participants were told to be polite or formal (or if they were given no instruction at all).
当面对信息询问（“你昨晚去哪儿了？”）时，为什么说话者会给出非完整句子的回答（“看电影”）而不是完整句子的回答（“我去看电影了”）？我们研究了语用因素（礼貌和正式程度）以及记忆因素（说话者检索问题答案的能力）在决定说话者是否给出非完整句子回答时所起的作用。参与者回答了一系列关于他们生活的问题。语用因素影响了参与者的回答。被指示要礼貌或正式的说话者给出的非完整句子回答比未收到特定指示的说话者要少。记忆检索（通过参与者开始回答所需的时间以及回答开始时是否存在言语不流畅来衡量）与非完整句子回答的产生并没有直接关系。反应潜伏期和言语不流畅的影响取决于参与者是否被告知要礼貌或正式（或者他们根本没有得到任何指示）。
