Moomin Aliu, Knott Rachel M, Russell Wendy R, Moyer Mary P, Duthie Susan J
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
Mutagenesis. 2025 Aug 29;40(3):498-511. doi: 10.1093/mutage/geae026.
Colorectal cancer is a global killer that causes approximately 940 thousand deaths annually. Terminalia ivorensis (TI) is a tropical tree, the bark of which is used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, malaria, and ulcer. This study investigated TI as a potential anticancer agent in human colon cells in vitro. TI was extracted sequentially with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and FRAP, and differential effects on cell viability, growth, DNA damage, DNA repair, and migration were measured in human colon cancer cells (CaCo-2) and/or non-cancerous human colonocytes (NCM460). The TI phytochemicals most strongly associated with these effects were identified by partial least-squares discriminant analysis. DPPH and FRAP activity was highest in TI ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts (P = .001). All TI extracts significantly inhibited cell viability and growth and induced DNA damage and inhibited DNA repair in both cell models. The majority of TI extracts were significantly (P = .01) more toxic to cancer cells than non-cancerous colonocytes. DNA repair was significantly (P = .001) inhibited in CaCo-2 cells by ethyl acetate extract compared with NCM460 cells. Migration was also significantly inhibited (P < .001) in CaCo-2 by ethyl acetate (80%) and ethanol extracts (75%). Specific benzoic acids, flavonoids, and phenols were identified to be strongly associated with these effects. TI displayed strong antioxidant activity and specific anticancer effects by inducing cell death and DNA damage, and by inhibiting DNA repair, cell proliferation, and migration.
结直肠癌是一种全球致死性疾病，每年导致约94万人死亡。象牙楝是一种热带树木，其树皮在非洲传统医学中用于治疗糖尿病、疟疾和溃疡。本研究在体外研究了象牙楝作为人类结肠细胞潜在抗癌剂的作用。依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取象牙楝。通过DPPH和FRAP评估抗氧化活性，并在人结肠癌细胞（CaCo-2）和/或非癌性人结肠细胞（NCM460）中测量其对细胞活力、生长、DNA损伤、DNA修复和迁移的不同影响。通过偏最小二乘判别分析确定与这些作用最密切相关的象牙楝植物化学物质。DPPH和FRAP活性在象牙楝乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物中最高（P = 0.001）。所有象牙楝提取物均显著抑制两种细胞模型中的细胞活力和生长，并诱导DNA损伤和抑制DNA修复。大多数象牙楝提取物对癌细胞的毒性显著（P = 0.01）高于非癌性结肠细胞。与NCM460细胞相比，乙酸乙酯提取物在CaCo-2细胞中显著（P = 0.001）抑制DNA修复。乙酸乙酯（80%）和乙醇提取物（75%）在CaCo-2细胞中也显著抑制迁移（P < 0.001）。已确定特定的苯甲酸、黄酮类化合物和酚类与这些作用密切相关。象牙楝通过诱导细胞死亡和DNA损伤以及抑制DNA修复、细胞增殖和迁移，表现出强大的抗氧化活性和特定的抗癌作用。
