College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
Environ Res. 2024 Dec 15;263(Pt 3):120211. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120211. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
The combined pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) has attracted wide attention due to their high toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. A thorough understanding of the progress of the relevant studies about their co-toxicity and co-contamination remediation is of great importance to prevent environmental risk and develop new efficient remediation methods. This paper summarized the factors resulting in different co-toxic effects, the interaction mechanism influencing co-toxicity and the development of remediation technologies for the co-contamination. Also, the inadequacies of the previous studies related to the co-toxic effect and the remediation methods were pointed out, while the corresponding solutions were proposed. The specific type and concentration of PAHs and HMs, the specific type of their action object and environmental factors could affect their co-toxicity by influencing each other's transmembrane process, detoxification process and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and some other mechanisms that need to be further studied. The specific action mechanisms of the concentration, environmental factors and the specific type of PAHs and HMs, their effect on each other's transmembrane processes, investigations at the cellular and molecular levels, non-targeted metabolomics analysis, as well as long-term ecological effects were proposed to be further explored in order to obtain more information about the co-toxicity. The combination of two or more methods, especially combining bioremediation with other methods, is a potential development field for the remediation of co-contamination. It can make full use of the advantages of each remediation method, to achieve an increase of remediation efficiency and a decrease of both remediation cost and ecological risk. This review intends to further improve the understanding on co-toxicity and provide references for the development and innovation of remediation technologies for the co-contamination of PAHs and HMs.
多环芳烃（PAHs）和重金属（HMs）的复合污染由于其高毒性、致突变性、致癌性和致畸性而引起了广泛关注。深入了解有关其协同毒性和协同污染修复的相关研究进展对于预防环境风险和开发新的有效修复方法非常重要。本文总结了导致不同协同毒性效应的因素、影响协同毒性的相互作用机制以及协同污染修复技术的发展。此外，还指出了以往关于协同毒性效应和修复方法研究的不足之处，并提出了相应的解决方案。PAHs 和 HMs 的具体类型和浓度、作用对象的具体类型和环境因素可以通过影响彼此的跨膜过程、解毒过程以及增加活性氧物种（ROS）和其他一些需要进一步研究的机制来影响它们的协同毒性。还需要进一步探讨浓度、环境因素以及 PAHs 和 HMs 的具体类型对彼此跨膜过程的具体作用机制、细胞和分子水平的研究、非靶向代谢组学分析以及长期生态效应，以获得更多关于协同毒性的信息。两种或多种方法的结合，特别是将生物修复与其他方法相结合，是协同污染修复的一个潜在发展领域。它可以充分利用每种修复方法的优势，提高修复效率，降低修复成本和生态风险。本文旨在进一步提高对协同毒性的认识，为 PAHs 和 HMs 协同污染修复技术的发展和创新提供参考。
