College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Veterinary Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China; Veterinary Biological Products (Taizhou) Guotai Technology Innovation Center, Taizhou, 225300, China.
School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
Microb Pathog. 2024 Dec;197:107063. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107063. Epub 2024 Oct 21.
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious, and lethal disease caused by the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), posing a severe threat to the global pig farming industry. Although live vaccines are currently available, preventing and controlling ASF remains a considerable challenge. Several factors have impeded vaccine development, including the complexity of ASFV particles and the suppressive effects of its gene-encoded proteins on the host's immune system. This article delves into the immunological responses elicited by ASFV, encompassing both innate and adaptive immunity, and examines how ASFV evades host immune defenses. Special attention is given to the current progress in the development of ASFV subunit vaccines, including protein-based vaccines, DNA vaccines, and viral vector vaccines. The advantages, challenges, and future directions of different vaccine types are discussed, offering new perspectives and insights for the future of ASFV vaccine development.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）引起的一种急性、高度传染性和致命性疾病，对全球养猪业构成严重威胁。虽然目前有活疫苗可用，但预防和控制 ASF 仍然是一个相当大的挑战。有几个因素阻碍了疫苗的开发，包括 ASFV 颗粒的复杂性及其基因编码蛋白对宿主免疫系统的抑制作用。本文深入探讨了 ASFV 引发的免疫反应，包括先天免疫和适应性免疫，并研究了 ASFV 如何逃避宿主的免疫防御。特别关注了 ASFV 亚单位疫苗的当前开发进展，包括基于蛋白质的疫苗、DNA 疫苗和病毒载体疫苗。讨论了不同疫苗类型的优势、挑战和未来方向，为 ASFV 疫苗开发的未来提供了新的视角和见解。
