Elmer Kathryn R, Clobert Jean
School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale - CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France.
Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale - CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2025 Feb;40(2):136-146. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.010. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
Dollo's law of irreversibility argues that evolution cannot revert to earlier states. It has remained controversial ever since its inception in the 19th century. Enabled by advances in phylogenomics and functional genomics, recent studies show that there are very likely some cases of 'breaking Dollo's law'. As post-genomic research grows from showing patterns to revealing processes, new emphasis is needed on the molecular mechanisms by which Dollo's law might be broken. Shifting the argument from 'if it happened' to 'how it happened' will provide richer understanding of organismal and evolutionary biology. Motivated by case studies and novel avenues to test trait loss and regain, we outline a set of alternative hypotheses to be evaluated and what the outcomes tell us about evolution.
多洛不可逆定律认为，进化无法逆转至早期状态。自19世纪该定律提出以来，一直存在争议。随着系统发育基因组学和功能基因组学的发展，最近的研究表明，很可能存在一些“打破多洛定律”的情况。随着后基因组研究从展示模式转向揭示过程，需要重新关注可能打破多洛定律的分子机制。将争论从“是否发生”转向“如何发生”，将使我们对生物体和进化生物学有更深入的理解。基于案例研究以及测试性状丧失和恢复的新途径，我们概述了一系列有待评估的替代假说，以及这些结果能告诉我们哪些关于进化的信息。
