Advances in high throughput sequencing methods for DNA damage and repair.

With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology in the past decade, an increasing number of sequencing methods targeting different types of DNA damage have been developed and widely used in the field. These technologies not only help to elucidate the dynamic processes of repair pathways corresponding to different types of lesions, understand the underlying mechanisms of key factors and identify new hotspots prone to damage, but also greatly advanced our knowledge of crucial physiological processes such as meiotic homologous recombination, antibody generation and cytosine demethylation. These advancements hold significant potential for broader applications in exploring disease initiation and drug development. However, understanding and selecting the appropriate techniques have become difficult. This article reviews the main sequencing detection methods for the most common DNA lesions and introduce their principles, thereby providing valuable insights for the selection, application, further development and optimization of these technologies.