Kondos G T, Rich S, Levitsky S
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986 Feb;7(2):432-4. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80517-4.
Pericardiocentesis provides an etiologic diagnosis for pericardial effusions approximately 25% of the time. In seven patients with evidence of a large pericardial effusion of unknown origin without cardiac tamponade, a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope was inserted through a subxiphoid incision after the effusion was drained. Pericardioscopy allowed visualization of all pericardial surfaces and made it possible to perform selective biopsy not limited to a subxiphoid window. It is a safe procedure that can permit distinction among benign, malignant and tuberculous origins of pericardial effusion.
心包穿刺术约有25%的时间可为心包积液提供病因诊断。在7例有大量不明原因心包积液且无心脏压塞证据的患者中，在排尽心包积液后，经剑突下切口插入可弯曲纤维支气管镜。心包镜检查可观察到所有心包表面，并能够进行选择性活检，而不仅限于剑突下窗口。这是一种安全的操作，可区分心包积液的良性、恶性和结核性病因。
