Ge Qilong, Dong ChunJuan, Wang GuoYing, Zhang Jing, Hou Rui
Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University Taiyuan 030032 China
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China.
RSC Adv. 2024 Oct 23;14(45):33649-33665. doi: 10.1039/d4ra03333g. eCollection 2024 Oct 17.
Owing to the high carbon and phosphorus contents, large specific surface area and slow P release capacity of P-rich biochar/hydrochar (CHAR), its application in aquatic (or soil) environments and positive effects on heavy metal (HM) adsorption (or immobilization) have drawn global attention. To provide an overall picture of P-rich CHAR, this review includes a systematic analysis of the current knowledge on the preparation methods, characterization techniques, influencing factors and environmental applications of P-rich CHAR reported in the last ten years. The key findings and recommendations from this review are as follows: (1) there is still a knowledge gap concerning the regulatory mechanism of the key active components of P-rich CHAR at the molecular level. The dominant factors influencing these active components should be elucidated. (2) P-rich CHAR has a high capacity to immobilize most HMs (, Cd, Cu, and Pb). However, it performs poorly with several HMs (, As). Future studies should focus on the interactions between P-rich CHAR and HMs found in soil/water. (3) To meet the long-term requirements for plant growth, more attention should be given to improving the slow-release capacity and utilization efficiency of available P. (4) There is a potential risk of P loss (or eutrophication) due to rainfall and runoff, although P-rich CHAR exhibits excellent performance in terms of HM immobilization and carbon retention. Several reasonable suggestions are provided to solve these problems. In summary, P-rich CHAR has promising prospects in environmental remediation if these shortcomings are overcome.
由于富磷生物炭/水炭（CHAR）具有高碳、高磷含量、大比表面积和缓慢的磷释放能力，其在水生（或土壤）环境中的应用以及对重金属（HM）吸附（或固定）的积极作用已引起全球关注。为全面了解富磷CHAR，本综述系统分析了过去十年报道的关于富磷CHAR的制备方法、表征技术、影响因素和环境应用的现有知识。本综述的主要发现和建议如下：（1）在分子水平上，关于富磷CHAR关键活性成分的调控机制仍存在知识空白。应阐明影响这些活性成分的主导因素。（2）富磷CHAR对大多数重金属（如镉、铜和铅）具有较高的固定能力。然而，它对几种重金属（如砷）表现不佳。未来的研究应关注富磷CHAR与土壤/水中发现的重金属之间的相互作用。（3）为满足植物生长的长期需求，应更加关注提高有效磷的缓释能力和利用效率。（4）尽管富磷CHAR在重金属固定和碳保留方面表现出色，但由于降雨和径流，存在磷流失（或富营养化）的潜在风险。针对这些问题提供了一些合理的建议。总之，如果克服这些缺点，富磷CHAR在环境修复方面具有广阔前景。
