Advances in pediatric neuroanesthesia practices.

The field of pediatric neuroanesthesia has evolved with concurrent changes in pediatric neurosurgical practice. Ongoing pediatric neuroanesthesia investigations provide novel insights into developmental cerebrovascular physiology, neurosurgical technology, and clinical outcomes. Minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures appear to be associated with lower complication rates and length of stay. This review will discuss blood sparing techniques, regional anesthesia, and postoperative disposition. Collectively, these innovations appear to be safe in pediatric neurosurgical patients with potential benefits, but more data is needed for more definitive long-term outcomes.