Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2024 Oct;16(5):e70027. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70027.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), known as the "silent pandemic," is exacerbated by pathogenic bacteria's ability to form biofilms. Marine compounds hold promise for novel antibacterial drug discovery. Two isolates from preliminary saltwater environment screening demonstrated antimicrobial activity and were subsequently identified as Bacillus subtilis MTUA2 and Bacillus velezensis MTUC2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBICs) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) required to prevent and/or disrupt bacterial growth and biofilm formation were established for MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. The metabolic activity within biofilms was determined by the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay. Both Bacillus species exhibited unique antimicrobial effects, reducing MRSA and S. aureus planktonic cell growth by 50% and sessile cell growth for S. aureus and E. coli by 50% and 90%, respectively. No effect was observed against A. baumannii. Significant MBIC and MBEC values were achieved, with 99% inhibition and 90% reduction in MRSA and S. aureus biofilms. Additionally, 90% and 50% inhibition was observed in E. coli and A. baumannii biofilms, respectively, with a 50% reduction in E. coli biofilm. These findings suggest that the mode of action employed by B. subtilis MTUA2 and B. velezensis MTUC2 metabolites should be further characterized and could be beneficial if used independently or in combination with other treatments.
抗菌药物耐药性(AMR)被称为“无声的大流行”,其加剧的原因是致病菌形成生物膜的能力。海洋化合物有望为新型抗菌药物的发现提供帮助。从初步的海水环境筛选中分离出的两种菌株表现出抗菌活性,随后被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌 MTUA2 和解淀粉芽孢杆菌 MTUC2。为了防止和/或破坏细菌生长和生物膜形成,确定了 MRSA、金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和大肠杆菌所需的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低生物膜抑制浓度(MBIC)和最低生物膜清除浓度(MBEC)。通过 2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)测定法来确定生物膜内的代谢活性。两种芽孢杆菌都表现出独特的抗菌作用,使 MRSA 和金黄色葡萄球菌浮游细胞生长减少 50%,使金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的固着细胞生长减少 50%和 90%。对鲍曼不动杆菌没有观察到效果。MBIC 和 MBEC 值显著,MRSA 和金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的抑制率达到 99%,减少率达到 90%。此外,大肠杆菌和鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜的抑制率分别为 90%和 50%,大肠杆菌生物膜减少 50%。这些发现表明,枯草芽孢杆菌 MTUA2 和解淀粉芽孢杆菌 MTUC2 代谢物的作用模式应进一步表征,如果单独使用或与其他治疗方法联合使用,可能会有好处。
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