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2022年至2023年美国因自然灾害导致的流离失所情况、相关因素及影响

Prevalence, Correlates, and Impacts of Displacement Because of Natural Disasters in the United States From 2022 to 2023.

作者信息

Aung Ther W, Sehgal Ashwini R

机构信息

Ther W. Aung and Ashwini R. Sehgal are with Population Health and Equity Research Institute, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. A. R. Sehgal is also with the Institute for Health Opportunity, Partnership, and Empowerment, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland.

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 2025 Jan;115(1):55-65. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307854. Epub 2024 Oct 24.

Abstract

To quantify the prevalence, correlates, and impacts of displacement because of natural disasters in the United States. We pooled data across 10 independent survey samples from the Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey from December 2022 to September 2023. Survey questions asked about displacement from home because of natural disasters, duration of displacement, and impacts of disasters. In our weighted sample of 213 234 003 adults, 3 166 500 (1.5%) reported displacement in the past year because of a natural disaster. People of color, sexual and gender minority populations, and those with lower incomes, disabilities, or unfavorable social determinants of health (SDOH) such as food insecurity were more likely to report displacement. Long-term displacement was more common with fires compared with other disasters. Disaster impacts, including food and water shortage, electricity loss, unsanitary conditions, feeling isolated, and experiencing scams, were more common among people of color and individuals with lower education or income. Many people in the United States, particularly from health disparity populations, are displaced because of natural disasters. Addressing SDOH and other vulnerability factors may help improve disaster preparedness and mitigate postdisaster impacts. (. 2025;115(1):55-65. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307854).

摘要

为了量化美国因自然灾害导致的流离失所情况、相关因素及其影响。我们汇总了美国人口普查局家庭脉搏调查2022年12月至2023年9月期间10个独立调查样本的数据。调查问题涉及因自然灾害导致的离家流离失所情况、流离失所持续时间以及灾害影响。在我们加权后的213234003名成年人样本中,有3166500人(1.5%)报告在过去一年因自然灾害而流离失所。有色人种、性少数和性别少数群体以及那些收入较低、有残疾或面临诸如粮食不安全等不利健康社会决定因素(SDOH)的人更有可能报告流离失所情况。与其他灾害相比,火灾导致的长期流离失所更为常见。包括食物和水短缺、停电、卫生条件差、感到孤立以及遭遇诈骗等灾害影响,在有色人种以及教育程度或收入较低的人群中更为常见。美国许多人,特别是来自健康差距群体的人,因自然灾害而流离失所。解决健康社会决定因素和其他脆弱性因素可能有助于提高灾害准备能力并减轻灾后影响。(. 2025;115(1):55 - 65. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307854)

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