Mazumder Md Habibul Hasan, Hussain Salik
Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
J Xenobiot. 2024 Oct 21;14(4):1595-1612. doi: 10.3390/jox14040086.
Growing evidence suggests physiological and pathological functions of lung and gut microbiomes in various pathologies. Epidemiological and experimental data associate air pollution exposure with host microbial dysbiosis in the lungs and gut. Air pollution through increased reactive oxygen species generation, the disruption of epithelial barrier integrity, and systemic inflammation modulates microbial imbalance. Microbiome balance is crucial in regulating inflammation and metabolic pathways to maintain health. Microbiome dysbiosis is proposed as a potential mechanism for the air-pollution-induced modulation of pulmonary and systemic disorders. Microbiome-based therapeutic approaches are increasingly gaining attention and could have added value in promoting lung health. This review summarizes and discusses air-pollution-mediated microbiome alterations in the lungs and gut in humans and mice and elaborates on their role in health and disease. We discuss and summarize the current literature, highlight important mechanisms that lead to microbial dysbiosis, and elaborate on pathways that potentially link lung and lung microbiomes in the context of environmental exposures. Finally, we discuss the lung-liver-gut axis and its potential pathophysiological implications in air-pollution-mediated pathologies through microbial dysbiosis.
越来越多的证据表明，肺部和肠道微生物群在各种病理状况下具有生理和病理功能。流行病学和实验数据表明，接触空气污染与肺部和肠道中的宿主微生物群落失调有关。空气污染通过增加活性氧的产生、破坏上皮屏障完整性以及引发全身炎症来调节微生物失衡。微生物群平衡对于调节炎症和代谢途径以维持健康至关重要。微生物群失调被认为是空气污染诱导肺部和全身疾病调节的潜在机制。基于微生物群的治疗方法越来越受到关注，并且在促进肺部健康方面可能具有附加价值。这篇综述总结并讨论了人类和小鼠肺部及肠道中空气污染介导的微生物群改变，并阐述了它们在健康和疾病中的作用。我们讨论并总结了当前的文献，强调了导致微生物失调的重要机制，并阐述了在环境暴露背景下潜在连接肺部和肺部微生物群的途径。最后，我们讨论了肺-肝-肠轴及其在空气污染介导的病理状况中通过微生物失调产生的潜在病理生理影响。
