Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadougi Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Diabetes Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Iran J Med Sci. 2024 Oct 1;49(10):623-631. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2023.99865.3208. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Any abnormal change in thyroid hormone levels leads to thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, and so on. Recent studies have reported an increasing prevalence and incidence of thyroid disorders worldwide. This study aims to determine the hypothyroid prevalence, incidence, and risk factors related to this disorder.
Data from a comprehensive prospective cohort study, collected from a population of 10,000 Yazd (Iran) individuals over a period of 6 years (2015-2021) was analyzed. Physicians diagnosed hypothyroidism and reported it. Data processing and preparation were performed using SQL18 and Excel, while STATA17 and SPSS22 software were employed for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and Chi-square tests were conducted at a significance level of 0.05.
The prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 93/1000, and the incidence was 15/1000 of the population, respectively. Women had five folds more chance of hypothyroidism (adjusted OR=5.31, 95% CI=3.06-9.19 vs. unadjusted OR=6.28, 95% CI=3.90-10.12), and they usually developed it between the ages of 30 and 39. Eating less (iodized) salt also increased the risk of hypothyroidism (unadjusted OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.02-2.11). Iron supplementation (unadjusted OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.26-3.48) was identified as one of the significant risk factors. Based on our findings in the unadjusted model, tooth brushing once or twice a day increases the chance of hypothyroidism (OR=1.89, P=0.008, and OR=2.12, P=0.016, respectively). Tobacco smoking (unadjusted OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.107-0.786) was also among the factors that need further investigation.
The increasing trend of hypothyroidism is concerning in our population. The high prevalence, particularly among women of childbearing age, is notable.
甲状腺激素水平的任何异常变化都会导致甲状腺疾病，包括甲亢、甲减、甲状腺肿等。最近的研究报告称，全球甲状腺疾病的患病率和发病率都在上升。本研究旨在确定甲状腺功能减退症的患病率、发病率和与该疾病相关的危险因素。
对一项为期 6 年（2015-2021 年）的全面前瞻性队列研究中收集的来自伊朗亚兹德 10000 人的数据进行了分析。医生诊断甲状腺功能减退症并进行报告。使用 SQL18 和 Excel 进行数据处理和准备，使用 STATA17 和 SPSS22 软件进行数据分析。采用 0.05 的显著性水平进行描述性统计、逻辑回归和卡方检验。
甲状腺功能减退症的患病率为 93/1000，发病率为 15/1000 人口。女性患甲状腺功能减退症的几率是男性的五倍（调整后的 OR=5.31，95%CI=3.06-9.19 与未调整的 OR=6.28，95%CI=3.90-10.12），且她们通常在 30 至 39 岁之间发病。食用较少的（加碘）盐也会增加甲状腺功能减退症的风险（未调整的 OR=1.47，95%CI=1.02-2.11）。铁补充剂（未调整的 OR=2.09，95%CI=1.26-3.48）被确定为一个显著的危险因素。根据我们在未调整模型中的发现，每天刷牙一次或两次会增加患甲状腺功能减退症的机会（OR=1.89，P=0.008 和 OR=2.12，P=0.016）。吸烟（未调整的 OR=0.29，95%CI=0.107-0.786）也是需要进一步调查的因素之一。
我们人群中甲状腺功能减退症的上升趋势令人担忧。高患病率，特别是在育龄妇女中，值得关注。
