Richter Bernhard, Echternach Matthias, Traser Louisa
Institute for Musicians' Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, and Freiburg University Medical Center, Elsässer Str. 2m, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Division Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otolaryngology, Munich University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Munich University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 München, Germany.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Sep 30;11(10):989. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11100989.
The topic of phonation onset gestures is of great interest to singers, acousticians, and voice physiologists alike. The vocal pedagogue and voice researcher Manuel Garcia, in the mid-19th century, first coined the term "coup de la glotte". Given that Garcia defined the process as "a precise articulation of the glottis that leads to a precise and clean tone attack", the term can certainly be linked to the concept of "vocal onset" as we understand it today. However, Garcia did not, by any means, have the technical measures at his disposal to investigate this phenomenon. In order to better understand modern ways of investigating vocal onset-and the limitations that still exist-it seems worthwhile to approach the subject from a historical perspective. High-speed video laryngoscopy (HSV) can be regarded as the gold standard among today's examination methods. Nonetheless, it still does not allow the three-dimensionality of vocal fold vibrations to be examined as it relates to vocal onset. Clearly, measuring methods in voice physiology have developed fundamentally since Garcia's time. This offers grounds for hope that the still unanswered questions around the phenomenon of vocal onset will be resolved in the near future. One promising approach could be to develop ultra-fast three-dimensional MRI further.
发声起始动作的话题同样引起了歌唱家、声学家和嗓音生理学家的极大兴趣。19世纪中叶,声乐教育家兼嗓音研究者曼努埃尔·加西亚首次提出了“声门冲击”这一术语。鉴于加西亚将这一过程定义为“声门的精确开合,从而产生精确而纯净的起音”,该术语无疑与我们如今所理解的“发声起始”概念相关联。然而,加西亚根本没有可用的技术手段来研究这一现象。为了更好地理解研究发声起始的现代方法以及仍然存在的局限性,从历史角度探讨这个主题似乎是值得的。高速视频喉镜检查(HSV)可被视为当今检查方法中的金标准。尽管如此,它仍然无法检查与发声起始相关的声带振动的三维情况。显然,自加西亚时代以来,嗓音生理学的测量方法已经有了根本性的发展。这为人们带来了希望,即围绕发声起始现象的那些尚未解答的问题将在不久的将来得到解决。一种有前景的方法可能是进一步发展超快速三维磁共振成像。