Department of Physics, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Oct 12;14(10):497. doi: 10.3390/bios14100497.
Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for biosensing applications. This review paper comprehensively explores the recent advancements in MXene-based biosensors for health and environmental applications. This review begins with an introduction to MXenes and biosensors, outlining various types of biosensors including electrochemical, enzymatic, optical, and fluorescent-based systems. The synthesis methods and characteristics of MXenes are thoroughly discussed, highlighting the importance of these processes in tailoring MXenes for specific biosensing applications. Particular attention is given to the development of electrochemical MXene-based biosensors, which have shown remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in detecting various analytes. This review then delves into enzymatic MXene-based biosensors, exploring how the integration of MXenes with enzymes enhances sensor performance and expands the range of detectable biomarkers. Optical biosensors based on MXenes are examined, focusing on their mechanisms and applications in both healthcare and environmental monitoring. The potential of fluorescent-based MXene biosensors is also investigated, showcasing their utility in imaging and sensing applications. In addition, MXene-based potential wearable biosensors have been discussed along with the role of MXenes in volatile organic compound (VOC) detection for environmental applications. Finally, this paper concludes with a critical analysis of the current state of MXene-based biosensors and provides insights into future perspectives and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
由于其独特的物理化学性质，MXenes 已成为生物传感应用的有前途的材料。这篇综述论文全面探讨了基于 MXenes 的生物传感器在健康和环境应用方面的最新进展。本文首先介绍了 MXenes 和生物传感器，概述了各种类型的生物传感器，包括电化学、酶、光学和荧光系统。详细讨论了 MXenes 的合成方法和特性，强调了这些过程在为特定的生物传感应用定制 MXenes 方面的重要性。特别关注电化学 MXene 基生物传感器的发展，这些传感器在检测各种分析物方面表现出了显著的灵敏度和选择性。本综述接着探讨了基于酶的 MXene 基生物传感器，研究了 MXenes 与酶的集成如何增强传感器性能并扩大可检测生物标志物的范围。考察了基于 MXenes 的光学生物传感器，重点介绍了它们在医疗保健和环境监测中的机制和应用。还研究了基于荧光的 MXene 生物传感器的潜力，展示了它们在成像和传感应用中的实用性。此外，还讨论了基于 MXenes 的潜在可穿戴生物传感器以及 MXenes 在环境应用中对挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 检测的作用。最后，本文批判性地分析了基于 MXenes 的生物传感器的现状，并提供了对这一快速发展领域未来展望和挑战的见解。
