Ahmadi Fatemeh
UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Oct 9;13(10):947. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13100947.
Echinacea species, particularly , , and , are renowned for their immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.
This review explores the mechanisms by which echinacea herbal extracts modulate immune responses, focusing on their effects on both innate and adaptive immunity in bacterial and viral infections.
Key bioactive compounds, such as alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, contribute to these effects. These compounds enhance immune cell activity, including macrophages and natural killer cells, stimulating cytokine production and phagocytosis. The antibacterial activity of echinacea against respiratory pathogens (, , ) and skin pathogens (, ) is reviewed, as well as its antiviral efficacy against viruses like herpes simplex, influenza, and rhinovirus. Echinacea's potential as a complementary treatment alongside conventional antibiotics and antivirals is discussed, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance and emerging viral threats.
Challenges associated with variability in phytochemical content and the need for standardized extraction processes are also addressed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of echinacea's therapeutic potential and outlines future directions for research, including clinical trials and dosage optimization.
紫锥菊属植物，尤其是紫松果菊、狭叶紫锥菊和淡紫松果菊，以其免疫调节、抗菌和抗病毒特性而闻名。
本综述探讨紫锥菊属植物草药提取物调节免疫反应的机制，重点关注其在细菌和病毒感染中对固有免疫和适应性免疫的影响。
关键生物活性化合物，如烷酰胺、咖啡酸衍生物、黄酮类化合物和多糖，促成了这些作用。这些化合物增强免疫细胞活性，包括巨噬细胞和自然杀伤细胞，刺激细胞因子产生和吞噬作用。综述了紫锥菊对呼吸道病原体（肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌）和皮肤病原体（痤疮丙酸杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌）的抗菌活性，以及其对单纯疱疹病毒、流感病毒和鼻病毒等病毒的抗病毒功效。讨论了紫锥菊作为传统抗生素和抗病毒药物辅助治疗的潜力，特别是在抗生素耐药性和新出现的病毒威胁背景下。
还讨论了与植物化学成分变异性相关的挑战以及标准化提取工艺的必要性。本综述全面概述了紫锥菊的治疗潜力，并概述了未来的研究方向，包括临床试验和剂量优化。
