Botero-Trujillo Ricardo, Moreno-González Jairo A, Prendini Lorenzo
Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
Insects. 2024 Sep 30;15(10):761. doi: 10.3390/insects15100761.
Thelyphonida Blanchard, 1852, also known as vinegaroons or whip-scorpions, is a small arachnid order with 140 described species contained in a single family, Thelyphonidae Lucas, 1835. Despite being conspicuous and widely distributed across the tropics and subtropics on four continents, knowledge of the order has been slow to advance. Hypoctoninae Pocock, 1899, one of four subfamilies currently recognized and one of two represented in the New World, comprises five genera. Since its inception, Pocock, 1894 has remained the only hypoctonine genus occurring in South America, with only four species described prior to the present contribution. The first detailed morphological study and phylogenetic analysis of is presented herein. The morphological phylogenetic analysis-the first for Thelyphonida-includes all except one of the previously described species of in addition to two new species described herein; the species of Víquez and Armas, 2005 (from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola); and the monotypic Old World genus Heurtault, 1984 (from West Africa) scored for 45 morphological characters. A single, most parsimonious phylogenetic hypothesis revealed that is paraphyletic with respect to . The New World Hypoctoninae comprises four clades with disjunct distributions and well supported by a combination of morphological characteristics, on the basis of which four genera, two of which are new, are recognized: , with two species, endemic to Hispaniola; , herein restricted to (Butler, 1872) and Weygoldt, 1979, occurring in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil; , , containing (Giupponi and Vasconcelos, 2008), and , from Colombia; and , , containing (Haupt, 2009), and , from Venezuela. The two new species are described and illustrated. A key to the identification of the Neotropical genera of Hypoctoninae and a map plotting the known distribution of its species are also presented.
鞭蝎目（Thelyphonida）由布兰查德于1852年建立，也被称为醋蝎或鞭尾蝎，是一个小型蛛形纲目，包含140个已描述物种，隶属于1835年卢卡斯建立的鞭蝎科（Thelyphonidae）。尽管该目在四大洲的热带和亚热带地区很常见且分布广泛，但对其的了解进展缓慢。伪蝎鞭蝎亚科（Hypoctoninae）由波科克于1899年建立，是目前公认的四个亚科之一，也是在新世界有代表的两个亚科之一，包含五个属。自其建立以来，波科克于1894年建立的属一直是南美洲唯一的伪蝎鞭蝎属，在本研究之前仅描述了四个物种。本文首次对其进行了详细的形态学研究和系统发育分析。形态学系统发育分析——鞭蝎目的首次此类分析——除了本文描述的两个新物种外，还包括了之前描述的该属所有物种中的一个例外；维克兹和阿尔马斯于2005年描述的物种（来自加勒比海伊斯帕尼奥拉岛）；以及单型的旧世界属（Heurtault于1984年建立，来自西非），对45个形态学特征进行了评分。一个单一的、最简约的系统发育假说表明，相对于而言是并系的。新世界的伪蝎鞭蝎亚科包括四个分支，分布不连续，且有形态学特征组合的有力支持，在此基础上识别出四个属，其中两个是新属：，有两个物种，特有于伊斯帕尼奥拉岛；，本文限定于（巴特勒于1872年描述）和韦戈尔特于1979年描述的物种，分布于圭亚那、苏里南、法属圭亚那和巴西北部；，，包含（朱波尼和瓦斯康塞洛斯于2008年描述）、和，来自哥伦比亚；以及，，包含（豪普特于2009年描述）、和，来自委内瑞拉。描述并图示了两个新物种。还给出了新热带区伪蝎鞭蝎亚科属的鉴定检索表以及绘制其已知物种分布的地图。
