Ferraro Valeria, Spagnoletta Anna, Rotondo Natalie Paola, Marsano René Massimiliano, Miniero Daniela Valeria, Balenzano Gaetano, De Palma Annalisa, Colletti Alessandro, Gargano Maria Letizia, Lentini Giovanni, Cavalluzzi Maria Maddalena
Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Laboratory "Regenerative Circular Bioeconomy", ENEA-Trisaia Research Centre, 75026 Rotondella, Italy.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Oct 15;10(10):718. doi: 10.3390/jof10100718.
Type-2 diabetes affects an increasing percentage of the world's population and its control through dietary management, involving the consumption of health-promoting foods or their derived supplements, is a common strategy. Several mushroom species have been demonstrated to be endowed with antidiabetic properties, resulting from their ability in improving insulin sensitivity and production, or inhibiting the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This study aimed to investigate for the first time the hypoglycemic properties of the edible mushroom (Bull.) Gray. Mushroom extracts were prepared through the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique using green solvents with different polarity degrees. The inhibition activity of all the obtained extracts on both α-glucosidase and α-amylase was evaluated and the highest activity was observed for the EtOAc extract which showed an IC value about 60-fold lower than the reference compound 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on α-glucosidase (0.42 ± 0.02 and 25.4 ± 0.6 µg/mL, respectively). As expected on the basis of the literature data concerning both α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, a milder inhibition activity on pancreatic α-amylase was observed. Preliminary in vivo tests on carried out on the most active obtained extract (EtOAc) confirmed the in vitro observed hypoglycemic activity. Finally, the EtOAc extract metabolic profile was determined through GC-MS and HRMS analyses.
2型糖尿病在全球人口中的影响比例日益增加，通过饮食管理进行控制是一种常见策略，这涉及食用促进健康的食物或其衍生补充剂。几种蘑菇已被证明具有抗糖尿病特性，这源于它们改善胰岛素敏感性和分泌的能力，或抑制碳水化合物水解酶α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的能力。本研究旨在首次探究食用蘑菇（牛肝菌）的降血糖特性。使用具有不同极性程度的绿色溶剂，通过微波辅助提取（MAE）技术制备蘑菇提取物。评估所有获得的提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制活性，观察到乙酸乙酯提取物的活性最高，其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC值比参考化合物1-脱氧野尻霉素（DNJ）低约60倍（分别为0.42±0.02和25.4±0.6μg/mL）。基于有关α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制的文献数据，正如预期的那样，观察到对胰腺α-淀粉酶的抑制活性较弱。对活性最高的获得提取物（乙酸乙酯提取物）进行的初步体内试验证实了体外观察到的降血糖活性。最后，通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和高分辨质谱（HRMS）分析确定了乙酸乙酯提取物的代谢谱。
