Sampaio Aryele Nunes da Cruz Encide, Caron Evelyn Fernanda Flores, Cerqueira-Cézar Camila Koutsodontis, Juliano Lára Cristina Bastos, Tadielo Leonardo Ereno, Melo Patrícia Regina Lopes, de Oliveira Janaína Prieto, Pantoja José Carlos de Figueiredo, Martins Otávio Augusto, Nero Luís Augusto, Possebon Fábio Sossai, Pereira Juliano Gonçalves
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Distrito de Rubião Jr, SN, Botucatu 18618-681, São Paulo, Brazil.
Food Inspection Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2024 Oct 19;13(10):912. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13100912.
The swine production chain can be a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant , which transfers resistance genes to other bacteria, serving as an important biomarker in the One Health approach. This study aimed to identify the frequency and antimicrobial resistance profile of in the swine production chain, assess the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and compare resistance profiles across different sample types. A total of 622 samples of swine carcasses from various points of the slaughter process (n = 400), swine feces (n = 100), commercial cuts (n = 45), environment (n = 67), and feces from employees (n = 10) of a pig slaughterhouse certified by the Federal Inspection Service, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, were collected. A total of 1260 isolates were obtained from the samples, with 73.6% of the samples testing positive. The agar disk diffusion test was performed with 10 different classes of antimicrobials. To confirm the production of ESBLs, the isolates were submitted to a double-disk synergism test using cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Of the total isolates, 80.71% were multidrug resistant. All ESBL-producing isolates were multidrug resistant and resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Isolates from human feces samples had less chance of being multidrug resistant than samples from other sources. The diversity of resistance profiles was verified in the samples, not clustering according to the sources, except for human feces isolates that clustered, evidencing lower antimicrobial resistance variability of these samples. Antimicrobial resistance is significantly present in the pork production chain, necessitating a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to effectively mitigate risks within the One Health framework.
猪生产链可能是抗微生物药物耐药性的储存库，它会将耐药基因转移到其他细菌，是“同一健康”方法中的一个重要生物标志物。本研究旨在确定猪生产链中[细菌名称未给出]的频率和抗微生物药物耐药性谱，评估超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的存在情况，并比较不同样本类型的耐药性谱。从位于巴西圣保罗州的一家经联邦检查局认证的猪屠宰场收集了总共622份样本，包括屠宰过程各环节的猪胴体（n = 400）、猪粪便（n = 100）、商业切割肉（n = 45）、环境样本（n = 67）以及员工粪便（n = 10）。从这些样本中总共获得了1260株[细菌名称未给出]分离株，73.6%的样本检测呈阳性。使用10种不同类别的抗微生物药物进行了琼脂纸片扩散试验。为了确认ESBL的产生，将分离株用头孢噻肟、头孢他啶以及阿莫西林克拉维酸进行双纸片协同试验。在所有分离株中，80.71%为多重耐药。所有产ESBL的分离株均为多重耐药，且对阿莫西林、四环素和氯霉素耐药。来自人类粪便样本的分离株比其他来源样本的多重耐药可能性更小。在样本中证实了耐药性谱的多样性，除了人类粪便分离株聚类外，其他样本未按来源聚类，这表明这些样本的抗微生物药物耐药性变异性较低。抗微生物药物耐药性在猪肉生产链中显著存在，需要采取全面的多学科方法，以在“同一健康”框架内有效降低风险。
