Williamson Jessica, Kermanizadeh Ali
College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK.
Toxics. 2024 Sep 24;12(10):690. doi: 10.3390/toxics12100690.
Fentanyl and its analogues are synthetic opioids of varying potencies that are unfortunately heavily abused. Over the last 15 years, fentanyl and its analogues have contributed to the increasing prominence of hospitalisation and numerous deaths due to drug overdose. In this comprehensive literature review, the mechanism of toxicity of the drug in humans is evaluated. A systematic approach was used whereby the relevant literature has been detailed where the toxicity of fentanyl and/or its analogues to different organs/systems were investigated. Furthermore, the review covers the post-mortem toxicological data and demographic information from past fatal cases where fentanyl was believed to be involved. Such insight into fentanyl toxicity is useful as an aid to better understand the toxic doses of the drug and the suspected mechanism of action and the unexpected complications associated with overdose incidences involving the drug. Finally, the review offers an overview of the traditional and emerging test systems used to investigate the adverse effects of fentanyl on human health.
芬太尼及其类似物是效力各异的合成阿片类药物，不幸的是，它们被大量滥用。在过去15年里，芬太尼及其类似物导致因药物过量而住院和众多死亡的情况日益突出。在这篇全面的文献综述中，评估了该药物在人体中的毒性机制。采用了一种系统的方法，详细阐述了研究芬太尼和/或其类似物对不同器官/系统毒性的相关文献。此外，该综述涵盖了过去认为涉及芬太尼的致命病例的尸检毒理学数据和人口统计学信息。对芬太尼毒性的这种深入了解有助于更好地理解该药物的中毒剂量、疑似作用机制以及与涉及该药物的过量用药事件相关的意外并发症。最后，该综述概述了用于研究芬太尼对人类健康不良影响的传统和新兴测试系统。
