Department of Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 25;19(10):e0311916. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311916. eCollection 2024.
The association between coffee consumption and constipation remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship of coffee consumption with the risk of constipation, while also investigating potential effect modifiers.
This cross-sectional study included 7844 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Coffee consumption was extracted from the 24-hour dietary recall. Constipation was assessed using the Bristol Stool Form Scale. The association between coffee consumption and constipation was assessed using multivariable restricted cubic spline and logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
There was a J-shaped relationship between total coffee consumption and the risk of constipation in the whole population (p for nonlinearity = 0.049), with 1-2 cups/day of total coffee potentially reducing the risk of constipation by 39% (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.35-1.06, p = 0.07). As for caffeinated coffee, a J-shaped association between its consumption and the risk of constipation was also observed in the whole population (p for nonlinearity = 0.008), with 1-2 cups/day being significantly associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.95, p = 0.03). When restricting to never drinkers of alcohol, the associations between total and caffeinated coffee consumption and constipation shifted to inverse linear trends, where at least 3 cups/day was significantly associated with an 88% reduction in constipation risk (total coffee: OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.68, p = 0.02; caffeinated coffee: OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.70, p = 0.02). Decaffeinated coffee showed no association with constipation.
Consuming 1-2 cups of caffeinated coffee daily was associated with a reduced risk of constipation in the general population. Among never drinkers of alcohol, a linear protective effect was observed, with a notable 88% reduction in constipation risk for those consuming at least 3 cups per day. Moderate caffeinated coffee intake may therefore be a viable dietary strategy for managing constipation in the general population.
咖啡摄入与便秘之间的关联尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨咖啡摄入与便秘风险之间的关系，并同时调查潜在的效应修饰因素。
本横断面研究纳入了来自 2007-2010 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）的 7844 名参与者。咖啡摄入量从 24 小时膳食回忆中提取。便秘使用布里斯托粪便量表进行评估。使用多变量限制立方样条和逻辑回归（OR 和 95%CI）评估咖啡摄入与便秘之间的关联。
在整个人群中，总咖啡摄入量与便秘风险呈 J 形关系（整体非线性 p 值=0.049），每天摄入 1-2 杯咖啡可能降低 39%的便秘风险（OR 0.61，95%CI 0.35-1.06，p=0.07）。对于含咖啡因的咖啡，在整个人群中也观察到其摄入与便秘风险之间的 J 形关联（整体非线性 p 值=0.008），每天摄入 1-2 杯与降低风险显著相关（OR 0.57，95%CI 0.35-0.95，p=0.03）。当限制从不饮酒者时，总咖啡和含咖啡因咖啡与便秘之间的关联转变为反向线性趋势，每天至少摄入 3 杯与便秘风险降低 88%显著相关（总咖啡：OR 0.12，95%CI 0.02-0.68，p=0.02；含咖啡因咖啡：OR 0.12，95%CI 0.02-0.70，p=0.02）。去咖啡因咖啡与便秘无关。
在一般人群中，每天饮用 1-2 杯含咖啡因的咖啡与便秘风险降低相关。在从不饮酒者中，观察到线性保护作用，每天饮用至少 3 杯可显著降低 88%的便秘风险。适量摄入含咖啡因的咖啡可能是一般人群管理便秘的可行饮食策略。
