College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
J Contam Hydrol. 2024 Nov;267:104448. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104448. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in everyday life, and since wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serve as an important route for MPs to enter natural water bodies, a thorough understanding of the distribution and removal of MPs in wastewater treatment plants is of great importance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the measured distribution of MPs and the current status of their removal in wastewater treatment plants. The main sources of MPs in wastewater treatment plants are personal care products in domestic wastewater, textile clothing and industrial wastewater made from plastics, textile factories and the friction of road tires. The MPs that entered the sewage treatment plant were predominantly in the form of fibers, fragments, granular MPs and other types of MPs. The size of MPs is divided into three categories: <0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm and 1-5 mm. At all treatment stages in wastewater plants, 56.8-88.4 % of MPs are removed in primary treatment, but the primary sedimentation and degreasing stages remove most MPs. The efficiency of the activated sludge process for secondary treatment is inconsistent and is generally between 42.1 and 99.2 %. The coagulation, filtration and disinfection stages of tertiary treatment all have some MPs removal capacity. In addition, novel removal technologies are also described, such as modified filtration technology, membrane separation technology, electroflocculation, sol-gel and photocatalysis. These novel removal technologies can further limit the entry of microplastics into natural water bodies through sewage treatment plants and improved sewage treatment processes help reduce the risk of MPs entering the natural environment through sewage treatment plants. This article will provide reference for the distribution and removal of microplastics in various levels of WWTPs.
微塑料（MPs）在日常生活中广泛存在，由于污水处理厂（WWTPs）是 MPs 进入自然水体的重要途径，因此深入了解 MPs 在污水处理厂中的分布和去除情况非常重要。本文全面概述了 MPs 在污水处理厂中的实测分布和目前的去除情况。污水处理厂中 MPs 的主要来源是生活污水中的个人护理产品、塑料制成的纺织服装和工业废水、纺织厂和道路轮胎的摩擦。进入污水处理厂的 MPs 主要以纤维、碎片、颗粒 MPs 和其他类型的 MPs 形式存在。 MPs 的大小分为三类：<0.5mm、0.5-1mm 和 1-5mm。在污水处理厂的所有处理阶段，初级处理中去除了 56.8-88.4%的 MPs，但初级沉淀和除油阶段去除了大部分 MPs。活性污泥法二级处理的效率不一致，一般在 42.1%至 99.2%之间。三级处理的混凝、过滤和消毒阶段都具有一定的 MPs 去除能力。此外，还描述了一些新型去除技术，如改性过滤技术、膜分离技术、电絮凝、溶胶-凝胶和光催化。这些新型去除技术可以通过污水处理厂进一步限制微塑料进入自然水体，通过改进污水处理工艺有助于降低 MPs 通过污水处理厂进入自然环境的风险。本文将为 WWTPs 中 MPs 的分布和去除提供参考。
