Chai Yi-Ran, Xu Hui-Jie, Gao Ke-Xuan, Yang Yu, Hou Li-An
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Chinese People's Liberation Army Unit 96911, Beijing 100011, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Oct 8;45(10):6112-6128. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202309240.
In this review, we comprehensively analyzed the distribution of microplastics （MPs） in major water ecosystems in China and the fate of MPs during the water treatment process. The removal efficiency of MPs with different colors, sizes, shapes, and materials was also discussed. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the aquatic environment was geographically variable and closely related to human activities. Fibrous and transparent （white） microplastics were the most common features in China's water ecosystems and water treatment plants, with polypropylene （PP）, polyethylene （PE）, and polystyrene （PS） being the most common polymer types of microplastics. The removal efficiency of MPs varied from different treatment processes significantly. Pre-treatment and primary treatment in wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） contributed the most to the removal. In the secondary treatment, the sedimentation tank showed more efficiency than the biological treatment processes. Tertiary treatment processes demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in achieving terminal control of MPs, especially membrane technologies. On the contrary, aeration and hydrodynamic effects may have increased the abundance of MPs in WWTPs. In drinking water treatment plants （DWTPs）, coagulation-sedimentation processes were found to be the most effective in removing MPs, followed by filtration and disinfection processes. Further, both pre-treatment and post-treatment steps also made significant contributions to MPs removal.
在本综述中，我们全面分析了中国主要水生态系统中微塑料（MPs）的分布情况以及水处理过程中微塑料的归宿。还讨论了不同颜色、尺寸、形状和材料的微塑料的去除效率。结果表明，水生环境中微塑料的丰度在地理上存在差异，且与人类活动密切相关。纤维状和透明（白色）微塑料是中国水生态系统和水处理厂中最常见的特征，聚丙烯（PP）、聚乙烯（PE）和聚苯乙烯（PS）是微塑料最常见的聚合物类型。不同处理工艺对微塑料的去除效率差异显著。污水处理厂（WWTPs）的预处理和一级处理对去除微塑料贡献最大。在二级处理中，沉淀池的效率高于生物处理工艺。三级处理工艺在实现微塑料的终端控制方面显示出显著效果，尤其是膜技术。相反，曝气和水力效应可能增加了污水处理厂中微塑料的丰度。在饮用水处理厂（DWTPs）中，混凝沉淀工艺被发现是去除微塑料最有效的方法，其次是过滤和消毒工艺。此外，预处理和后处理步骤对微塑料的去除也做出了重要贡献。
