Li Chenshuang, Yan Weijia, Yan Hong
Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710004, China.
Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University Eye Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Oct 8;13(10):1210. doi: 10.3390/antiox13101210.
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term complication of cataract surgery. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of PCO involves the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs), which undergo transdifferentiation into a myofibroblast phenotype, hyperproliferation, matrix contraction, and matrix deposition. This process is driven by the marked upregulation of inflammatory and growth factors post-surgery. Recently, research on the role of redox environments has gained considerable attention. LECs, which are in direct contact with the aqueous humour after cataract surgery, are subjected to oxidative stress due to decreased levels of reduced glutathione and increased oxygen content compared to contact with the outer fibre layer of the lens before surgery. In this review, we examine the critical role of oxidative stress in PCO formation. We also focus on glutaredoxins (Grxs), which are antioxidative enzymes produced via deglutathionylation, their protective role against PCO formation, and their therapeutic potential. Furthermore, we discuss the latest advancements in PCO therapy, particularly the development of advanced antioxidative pharmacological agents, and emphasise the importance and approaches of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatments in PCO management. In conclusion, this review highlights the significant roles of oxidative stress in PCO, the protective effects of Grxs against PCO formation, and the potential of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies in treating PCO.
后囊膜混浊（PCO）是白内障手术最常见的长期并发症。传统上，PCO的发病机制涉及残留的晶状体上皮细胞（LECs），这些细胞会转分化为肌成纤维细胞表型，过度增殖、基质收缩并沉积。这个过程由手术后炎症和生长因子的显著上调驱动。最近，关于氧化还原环境作用的研究受到了相当大的关注。白内障手术后与房水直接接触的LECs，与手术前与晶状体外纤维层接触相比，由于还原型谷胱甘肽水平降低和氧含量增加而受到氧化应激。在这篇综述中，我们研究了氧化应激在PCO形成中的关键作用。我们还关注谷氧还蛋白（Grxs），它们是通过去谷胱甘肽化产生的抗氧化酶，它们对PCO形成的保护作用及其治疗潜力。此外，我们讨论了PCO治疗的最新进展，特别是先进抗氧化药物的开发，并强调了抗炎和抗氧化治疗在PCO管理中的重要性和方法。总之，这篇综述强调了氧化应激在PCO中的重要作用、Grxs对PCO形成的保护作用以及抗炎和抗氧化疗法治疗PCO的潜力。
