Ricci Angela Dalia, Rizzo Alessandro, Schirizzi Annalisa, D'Alessandro Rosalba, Frega Giorgio, Brandi Giovanni, Shahini Endrit, Cozzolongo Raffaele, Lotesoriere Claudio, Giannelli Gianluigi
Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy.
S.S.D. C.O.r.O. Bed Management Presa in Carico, TDM, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Oct 20;16(20):3542. doi: 10.3390/cancers16203542.
Treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis, are limited. Recent developments in immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have offered new hope for treating iCCA. However, several issues remain, including the identification of reliable biomarkers of response to ICIs and immune-based combinations. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of these hepatobiliary tumors has been evaluated and is under assessment in this setting in order to boost the efficacy of ICIs and to convert these immunologically "cold" tumors to "hot" tumors. Herein, the review TIME of ICCA and its critical function in immunotherapy. Moreover, this paper also discusses potential avenues for future research, including novel targets for immunotherapy and emerging treatment plans aimed to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and survival rates for iCCA patients.
肝内胆管癌（iCCA）是一种预后较差的高恶性肿瘤，其治疗选择有限。免疫疗法和免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）的最新进展为治疗iCCA带来了新希望。然而，仍存在几个问题，包括确定对ICIs反应的可靠生物标志物以及基于免疫的联合治疗。这些肝胆肿瘤的肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）已得到评估，并且正在对此进行评估，以提高ICIs的疗效，并将这些免疫“冷”肿瘤转变为“热”肿瘤。本文综述了ICCA的TIME及其在免疫治疗中的关键作用。此外，本文还讨论了未来研究的潜在途径，包括免疫治疗的新靶点以及旨在提高iCCA患者免疫治疗效果和生存率的新兴治疗方案。
