Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal.
Pôle Immunophysiopathologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Oct 16;15(10):1331. doi: 10.3390/genes15101331.
Significant progress in malaria control has been achieved through long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), raising hopes for malaria elimination. However, emerging insecticide resistance threatens these gains. This study assessed the susceptibility of populations to public health insecticides, examined the frequencies of , , and mutations, and explored their associations with phenotypic resistance in Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal. : larvae collected between September and December 2022 were reared to adulthood. Adult mosquitoes were exposed to discriminating concentrations of various insecticides following WHO guidelines. Knockdown times (KDT50 and KDT95) for pyrethroids were calculated using the Probit model. RT-qPCR detected target-site mutations (: and , , ) and assessed correlations with phenotypic resistance. Species-specific PCR identified species within the complex. : The populations of Dielmo and Ndiop showed susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl and bendiocarb, with no mutation detected. Resistance to DDT and pyrethroids was observed. The knockdown times indicated that alphacypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin were more effective than permethrin and deltamethrin. The allele was widespread, while was absent in Ndiop and low in Dielmo. The mutation occurred only in populations with . The mutation was significantly associated with resistance to lambdacyhalothrin in both villages and to deltamethrin in Ndiop.
通过长效驱虫蚊帐（LLINs）和室内滞留喷洒（IRS），疟疾控制取得了重大进展，这让人们对消除疟疾充满了希望。然而，新出现的杀虫剂耐药性威胁着这些进展。本研究评估了塞内加尔迪埃洛和恩迪奥普两个地区的蚊种群对公共卫生杀虫剂的敏感性，检测了 、 和 突变的频率，并探讨了它们与表型抗性的关系。方法：2022 年 9 月至 12 月期间收集幼虫并饲养至成虫。按照世界卫生组织（WHO）的指南，用不同杀虫剂的鉴别浓度对成蚊进行处理。用概率单位回归模型计算拟除虫菊酯的击倒时间（KDT50 和 KDT95）。实时定量 PCR 检测到靶标位点突变（ 和 、 、 ），并评估了它们与表型抗性的相关性。种特异性 PCR 鉴定了 复合体中的种。结果：迪埃洛和恩迪奥普两个地区的蚊种群对吡虫·甲基和丁硫克百威敏感，未检测到 突变。对滴滴涕和拟除虫菊酯有抗性。击倒时间表明，阿尔法氯氰菊酯和溴氰氯菊酯比氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯更有效。 等位基因广泛存在，而 等位基因在恩迪奥普缺失，在迪埃洛的频率较低。 突变仅发生在存在 突变的种群中。 突变与两个村庄对溴氰氯菊酯的抗性以及恩迪奥普对溴氰菊酯的抗性显著相关。
