Maringhini Silvio, Zoccali Carmine
Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Renal Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 27;12(10):2203. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12102203.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a continuous decline in renal function, independent of the initial cause of damage or external factors such as infection, inflammation, or toxins. The accurate measurement of renal function, typically assessed using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is crucial for managing CKD. The most accepted hypothesis for CKD progression is glomerular damage caused by hyperfiltration. Various factors can accelerate CKD progression, and several biomarkers have been identified to monitor this progression. Numerous studies have explored the risk factors associated with CKD progression, and some of these factors can be modified. Additionally, several drugs are now available that can reduce CKD progression. This review summarizes recent publications and highlights potential future research directions in CKD progression. It discusses the evolution of GFR measurement methods, the mechanisms driving CKD progression, and the latest findings on biomarkers and risk factors. Furthermore, it explores therapeutic strategies, including dietary modifications and pharmacological interventions, to slow CKD progression. Understanding these mechanisms and interventions is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or slow CKD progression.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一种进行性疾病，其特征是肾功能持续下降，与初始损伤原因或感染、炎症或毒素等外部因素无关。肾功能的准确测量通常使用肾小球滤过率（GFR）进行评估，这对CKD的管理至关重要。关于CKD进展最被认可的假说是由超滤引起的肾小球损伤。多种因素可加速CKD进展，并且已经确定了几种生物标志物来监测这种进展。众多研究探讨了与CKD进展相关的危险因素，其中一些因素是可以改变的。此外，现在有几种药物可以减缓CKD进展。本综述总结了近期的出版物，并强调了CKD进展潜在的未来研究方向。它讨论了GFR测量方法的演变、推动CKD进展的机制以及生物标志物和危险因素的最新发现。此外，它还探讨了减缓CKD进展的治疗策略，包括饮食调整和药物干预。了解这些机制和干预措施对于制定有效的治疗策略以预防或减缓CKD进展至关重要。
