Mutafchieva Maria Zaharieva, Draganova Milena Nenkova, Tomov Georgi Tomchev
Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Biomedicines. 2024 Oct 10;12(10):2300. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12102300.
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucocutaneous disease associated with the formation of symptomatic lesions in the mouth that are often refractory to treatment. An as-yet-unknown antigen triggers an inflammatory reaction in which various immune and non-immune cells release multiple cytokines that contribute to disease progression. The ability of photobiomodulation (PBM) to reduce the symptoms and signs of the disease has been shown, but little is known about its molecular and cellular effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and in histological findings in OLP patients treated with photobiomodulation therapy. Twenty OLP patients underwent PBM with diode laser (810 nm), (0.50 W, 30 s, 1.2 J/cm), 3 times weekly for a month. Pain level and clinical scores of lesions were recorded before and after therapy. Salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in OLP patients were measured before and after PBM and compared with those of 10 healthy controls. Biopsies were taken at the beginning and end of treatment to assess pathomorphological changes. PBM significantly reduced the level of pain and clinical scores of the lesions. Salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in OLP patients were significantly higher compared to those in healthy controls and decreased after therapy. 60% of the post-treatment OLP biopsies demonstrated histological improvement, characterized by inflammatory infiltrate reduction (50%), epithelial hyperplasia reduction (30%), epithelial thickening (15%), or epidermal-dermal attachment repair (5%). The effectiveness of PBM therapy in OLP patients was confirmed at the clinical, molecular, and histomorphological levels.
口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）是一种黏膜皮肤疾病，与口腔中形成的有症状病变相关，这些病变通常难以治疗。一种未知抗原引发炎症反应，在此反应中各种免疫和非免疫细胞释放多种细胞因子，促进疾病进展。光生物调节（PBM）减轻该疾病症状和体征的能力已得到证实，但其分子和细胞效应却知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估接受光生物调节治疗的OLP患者促炎细胞因子水平和组织学结果的变化。20例OLP患者接受二极管激光（810nm）的PBM治疗（0.50W，30秒，1.2J/cm），每周3次，共1个月。记录治疗前后病变的疼痛程度和临床评分。在PBM治疗前后测量OLP患者唾液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平，并与10名健康对照者的水平进行比较。在治疗开始和结束时进行活检，以评估病理形态学变化。PBM显著降低了病变的疼痛程度和临床评分。与健康对照者相比，OLP患者唾液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平显著更高，且治疗后降低。60%的治疗后OLP活检显示组织学改善，其特征为炎症浸润减少（50%）、上皮增生减少（30%）、上皮增厚（15%）或表皮-真皮附着修复（5%）。PBM治疗在OLP患者中的有效性在临床、分子和组织形态学水平上得到了证实。
