Purpurowicz Piotr, Kaminski Tomasz W, Kordan Władysław, Korzekwa Anna, Purpurowicz Zbigniew, Jabłonowski Zbigniew
Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Municipal Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland.
Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Biomedicines. 2024 Oct 21;12(10):2407. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12102407.
Bladder cancer is a very important issue in contemporary urology. The aim of this pilot study was to assess for the first time the clinical utility of semaphorin 3C (sema3C) and 4A (sema4A) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The experiment involved 15 patients with NMIBC and 5 patients without malignancies as the control group. Plasma and urinary concentrations of sema3C and sema4A were assessed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary sema4A concentration was below the detection level. There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls in terms of plasma sema4A and sema3C or urinary sema3C concentrations ( > 0.05). There was a significantly higher sema3C plasma concentration in patients with low-grade tumors ( = 0.0132) and an upward trend in sema4A plasma concentration for the subjects with Ta-stage tumors. Urinary sema3C concentration positively correlated with tumor size (R = 0.57, = 0.03). Plasma sema3C concentration correlated negatively with tumor grade (R = -0.62, = 0.01). Urinary sema4A concentration, which is below the detection threshold, is unlikely to be useful as a marker of NMIBC. Plasma sema4A concentration and sema3C concentration in plasma and urine cannot be used as stand-alone markers of NMIBC at this point. The plasma concentration of sema3C can potentially be considered in the future as a marker for tumors of lower grades. Plasma sema4A concentration could potentially be considered in the future as a marker for tumors of earlier stages. All of these observations are preliminary, so they have to be assessed in larger cohorts to make reliable recommendations. Nevertheless, our study lays the groundwork for further research to develop potential tests that could be used in daily practice to monitor and predict the course of cancer.
膀胱癌是当代泌尿外科领域的一个非常重要的问题。这项初步研究的目的是首次评估信号素3C（sema3C）和4A（sema4A）在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）患者中的临床应用价值。该实验纳入了15例NMIBC患者和5例无恶性肿瘤的患者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法评估血浆和尿液中sema3C和sema4A的浓度。尿液中sema4A浓度低于检测水平。在血浆sema4A和sema3C或尿液sema3C浓度方面，患者与对照组之间无统计学显著差异（P>0.05）。低级别肿瘤患者的血浆sema3C浓度显著更高（P = 0.0132），Ta期肿瘤患者的血浆sema4A浓度呈上升趋势。尿液sema3C浓度与肿瘤大小呈正相关（R = 0.57，P = 0.03）。血浆sema3C浓度与肿瘤分级呈负相关（R = -0.62，P = 0.01）。低于检测阈值的尿液sema4A浓度不太可能作为NMIBC的标志物。此时，血浆sema4A浓度以及血浆和尿液中的sema3C浓度都不能单独用作NMIBC的标志物。未来血浆sema3C浓度有可能被视为低级别肿瘤的标志物。血浆sema4A浓度未来有可能被视为早期肿瘤的标志物。所有这些观察结果都是初步的，因此必须在更大的队列中进行评估，以提出可靠的建议。尽管如此，我们的研究为进一步开展研究奠定了基础，以开发可用于日常实践中监测和预测癌症病程的潜在检测方法。
