Gu Fang, Hou Lei, Gao Kaiguo, Wen Xiaolu, Mi Shuyun, Qin Guoxi, Huang Lijun, Wu Qiwen, Yang Xuefen, Wang Li, Jiang Zongyong, Xiao Hao
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dafeng 1st Street, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Guangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., No. 135 Qixing Road, Nanning 530022, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 21;14(20):3044. doi: 10.3390/ani14203044.
This study aimed to determine the optimal dietary net energy concentration for the reproductive performance, immune function, milk composition, and gut microbiota of primiparous sows during lactation. Forty primiparous lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar body backfat thicknesses were randomly allocated into five treatment groups and fed diets with different dietary net energy concentrations of 10.05 MJ/kg, 10.47 MJ/kg, 10.89 MJ/kg, 11.30 MJ/kg, and 11.72 MJ/kg. The results showed that there were no differences in the performance of piglets, while there was a decrease in the daily feed intake of sows ( = 0.079, linear) as dietary net energy concentration increased. With the increasing dietary net energy concentration, the plasma insulin levels of sows increased ( < 0.01, linear), the plasma glucose levels tended to increase ( = 0.074, linear), and the blood urea nitrogen levels tended to decrease ( = 0.063, linear). Moreover, the plasma total superoxide dismutase activity of sows increased ( < 0.05, quadratic) and the plasma malondialdehyde content of sows decreased ( < 0.05, quadratic) by increasing the dietary net energy concentration. Interestingly, with the increase in dietary net energy concentration, the plasma immunoglobulin M content of sows increased, the milk immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and the percentage of milk fat increased ( < 0.05, linear), and the milk secretory immunoglobulin A content also increased ( < 0.05, linear and quadratic). The milk immunoglobulins and milk fat content of sows fed with net energy concentration of 11.72 MJ/kg were highest. Moreover, there were significant differences in the α-diversity, β-diversity, and relative abundance of gut microbiota in sows fed with different dietary net energy concentrations. At the phylum level, and in the gut microbiota of sows were mainly affected by increasing the dietary net energy concentration. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed that milk immunoglobulin content had a significant negative correlation with the relative abundance of , and plasma malondialdehyde content also had a significant negative correlation with the relative abundance of . In summary, these results suggest that increasing the dietary net energy concentration to 11.72 MJ/kg can increase immunological substances in milk, improve milk quality, and alter the composition of gut microbiota in primiparous lactating sows.
本研究旨在确定初产母猪泌乳期繁殖性能、免疫功能、乳成分及肠道微生物群的最佳日粮净能浓度。将40头体背膘厚度相近的初产泌乳母猪（长白×大白）随机分为5个处理组，分别饲喂净能浓度为10.05 MJ/kg、10.47 MJ/kg、10.89 MJ/kg、11.30 MJ/kg和11.72 MJ/kg的不同日粮。结果表明，仔猪性能无差异，但随着日粮净能浓度升高，母猪日采食量下降（P = 0.079，呈线性关系）。随着日粮净能浓度升高，母猪血浆胰岛素水平升高（P < 0.01，呈线性关系），血浆葡萄糖水平呈上升趋势（P = 0.074，呈线性关系），血尿素氮水平呈下降趋势（P = 0.063，呈线性关系）。此外，通过提高日粮净能浓度，母猪血浆总超氧化物歧化酶活性升高（P < 0.05，呈二次曲线关系），血浆丙二醛含量下降（P < 0.05，呈二次曲线关系）。有趣的是，随着日粮净能浓度升高，母猪血浆免疫球蛋白M含量升高，乳中免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A及乳脂肪百分比升高（P < 0.05，呈线性关系），乳分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量也升高（P < 0.05，呈线性和二次曲线关系）。饲喂净能浓度为11.72 MJ/kg日粮的母猪乳中免疫球蛋白和乳脂肪含量最高。此外，不同日粮净能浓度饲喂的母猪肠道微生物群的α多样性、β多样性和相对丰度存在显著差异。在门水平上，母猪肠道微生物群中的厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门主要受日粮净能浓度升高的影响。此外，相关性分析表明，乳免疫球蛋白含量与厚壁菌门相对丰度呈显著负相关，血浆丙二醛含量与拟杆菌门相对丰度也呈显著负相关。综上所述，这些结果表明，将日粮净能浓度提高到11.72 MJ/kg可增加初产泌乳母猪乳中的免疫物质，改善乳品质，并改变肠道微生物群组成。
