Combination Therapy and Phytochemical-Loaded Nanosytems for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), including leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and schistosomiasis, impose a significant public health burden, especially in developing countries. Despite control efforts, treatment remains challenging due to drug resistance and lack of effective therapies. : This study aimed to synthesize the current research on the combination therapy and phytochemical-loaded nanosystems, which have emerged as promising strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and safety. : In the present review, we conducted a systematic search of the literature and identified several phytochemicals that have been employed in this way, with the notable efficacy of reducing the parasite load in the liver and spleen in cases of visceral , as well as lesion size in cutaneous . Furthermore, they have a synergistic effect against rhodesain; reduce inflammation, parasitic load in the myocardium, cardiac hypertrophy, and IL-15 production in ; and affect both mature and immature stages of , resulting in improved outcomes compared to the administration of phytochemicals alone or with conventional drugs. Moreover, the majority of the combinations studied demonstrated enhanced solubility, efficacy, and selectivity, as well as increased immune response and reduced cytotoxicity. : These formulations appear to offer significant therapeutic benefits, although further research is required to validate their clinical efficacy in humans and their potential to improve treatment outcomes in affected populations.