Liu Qimeng, Jiang Junxiang, Xiu Wencui, Ming Zhe, Cui Bo, Zheng Liang, Wang Jian, Qi Liyan
School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China.
Advanced Manufacturing Technology Engineering Research Center for Key Components of Agricultural Machinery Equipment, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China.
Micromachines (Basel). 2024 Sep 28;15(10):1202. doi: 10.3390/mi15101202.
In the field of numerical control machining, tool alignment technology is a key link to ensure machining accuracy and quality. Tool alignment refers to determining the correct position of the tool relative to the workpiece, and its accuracy directly affects the precision of part machining. With the development of precision machining technology, the research and application of cutting technology are increasingly valued. Tool alignment methods are mainly divided into two categories: contact and non-contact. The contact type tool alignment method relies on direct contact between the tool and the workpiece or tool alignment instrument to measure the position. Among them, the trial cutting method is a traditional contact type tool alignment method that determines the tool position through actual cutting, which is intuitive but inefficient. The contact type tool presetter uses specialized equipment to improve the accuracy and efficiency of tool presetting through contact measurement. The non-contact tool alignment method does not rely on physical contact, while the image method uses image recognition technology to determine the tool position, making it suitable for high-precision applications. The laser diffraction method and the laser direct method use laser technology for non-contact measurement. The laser diffraction method determines the position of the tool by analyzing the diffraction mode of the laser beam, while the laser direct method directly measures the distance between the laser and the tool. This article mainly introduces the classification of tool alignment, commonly used knife alignment methods and common tool alignment devices, as well as the development status of international tool alignment instrument products.
在数控加工领域，刀具对刀技术是确保加工精度和质量的关键环节。刀具对刀是指确定刀具相对于工件的正确位置，其精度直接影响零件加工的精度。随着精密加工技术的发展，切削技术的研究与应用越来越受到重视。刀具对刀方法主要分为接触式和非接触式两类。接触式刀具对刀方法依靠刀具与工件或刀具对刀仪之间的直接接触来测量位置。其中，试切法是一种传统的接触式刀具对刀方法，通过实际切削来确定刀具位置，直观但效率低。接触式刀具预调仪利用专门设备通过接触测量提高刀具预调的精度和效率。非接触式刀具对刀方法不依赖物理接触，其中图像法利用图像识别技术确定刀具位置，适用于高精度应用。激光衍射法和激光直接法利用激光技术进行非接触测量。激光衍射法通过分析激光束的衍射模式确定刀具位置，而激光直接法直接测量激光与刀具之间的距离。本文主要介绍刀具对刀的分类、常用的对刀方法和常见的刀具对刀装置，以及国际刀具对刀仪产品的发展现状。
