College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
School of Energy And Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 26;14(1):25457. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76077-7.
Layered fertilization parameters affects crop root system configuration and growth distribution, which in turn affects soil pore properties and aggregate structure. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution of the root system and soil pore space is helpful in choosing a reasonable fertilization ratio in production practice, which ensures high and stable crop yields and at the same time improves fertilizer utilization and soil health. Albeit the impact of layered fertilization ratio at varied rates on soil pore characteristics in the soil profile at a microscale level remains limited. This study quantifies the impacts of layered fertilization ratio under on rapeseed root distribution and soil pore characteristics using the root analysis system and X-ray computed tomography (XCT). A new fertilization pattern that shallow-deep layer synchronized mechanical sowing was using, rotary tillage mixed fertilization in the shallow layer and 10 cm side-deep band fertilization in the deeper layer. It set five ratios of fertilizer amounts between shallow and deep layers as 0:4 (FD), 1:3 (FL), 2:2 (FM), 3:1 (FH), and 4:0 (F0), with non-fertilization (CK) as the control treatment. The results indicated that layered fertilization effectively improved the rape root conformation and spatial distribution, significantly increased total soil porosity and moisture content, and reduced soil bulk density and resistance (P < 0.05). Additionally, root configuration is closely related to soil pore structure and crop yield. Notably, compared with other treatments, the macroscopic porosity, equivalent pore diameter, hydraulic radius and roundness of FM treatment are significantly improved, and it effectively improves the yield and quality of rapeseed. Correlation analysis showed that the root system configuration parameters were negatively correlated with soil bulk density and resistance but positively correlated with soil moisture content, and macropore morphology parameters and rapeseed yield. Our study demonstrate that layered fertilization can improved rape growth and soil macropore porosity, but its effect depends on good tillage macropore characteristics and distribution created by reasonable fertilization ratio, which provided a theoretical basis for high-yield, efficient, green, and sustainable mechanized direct-sowing production of rapeseed.
分层施肥参数影响作物根系构型和生长分布，进而影响土壤孔隙特性和团聚体结构。因此，了解根系和土壤孔隙空间的空间分布有助于在生产实践中选择合理的施肥比例，从而确保作物高产稳产，同时提高肥料利用率和土壤健康。尽管不同施肥比例对微尺度土壤剖面土壤孔隙特性的影响有限。本研究采用根系分析系统和 X 射线计算机断层扫描（XCT）定量研究了分层施肥比例对油菜根系分布和土壤孔隙特性的影响。采用浅层和深层同步机械播种、旋耕混肥浅层和 10cm 侧深带肥深层的新型施肥模式，设置浅层和深层肥料比例为 0:4（FD）、1:3（FL）、2:2（FM）、3:1（FH）和 4:0（F0），不施肥（CK）为对照处理。结果表明，分层施肥能有效改善油菜根系形态和空间分布，显著增加土壤总孔隙度和含水量，降低土壤容重和阻力（P<0.05）。此外，根系构型与土壤孔隙结构和作物产量密切相关。值得注意的是，与其他处理相比，FM 处理的宏观孔隙度、等效孔径、水力半径和圆度均显著提高，有效提高了油菜的产量和品质。相关分析表明，根系构型参数与土壤容重和阻力呈负相关，与土壤含水量、大孔形态参数和油菜产量呈正相关。本研究表明，分层施肥可以改善油菜生长和土壤大孔孔隙度，但效果取决于良好的耕作大孔特征和由合理施肥比例创造的分布，为油菜高产、高效、绿色、可持续机械化直播生产提供了理论依据。
