Stojkovič Katja, Canovi Camilla, Le Kim-Cuong, Ahmad Iftikhar, Gaboreanu Ioana, Johansson Sofie, Delhomme Nicolas, Egertsdotter Ulrika, Street Nathaniel R
Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Plant J. 2024 Dec;120(5):2238-2252. doi: 10.1111/tpj.17087. Epub 2024 Oct 27.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful model system for studying embryo development and an important method for scaling up availability of elite and climate-adapted genetic material of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). However, there are several steps during the development of the somatic embryo (Sem) that are suboptimal compared to zygotic embryo (Zem) development. These differences are poorly understood and result in substantial yield losses during plant production, which limits cost-effective large-scale production of SE plants. This study presents a comprehensive data resource profiling gene expression during zygotic and somatic embryo development to support studies aiming to advance understanding of gene regulatory programmes controlling embryo development. Transcriptome expression patterns were analysed during zygotic embryogenesis (ZE) in Norway spruce, including separated samples of the female gametophytes and Zem, and at multiple stages during SE. Expression data from eight developmental stages of SE, starting with pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) up until germination, revealed extensive modulation of the transcriptome between the early and mid-stage maturing embryos and at the transition of desiccated embryos to germination. Comparative analysis of gene expression changes during ZE and SE identified differences in the pattern of gene expression changes and functional enrichment of these provided insight into the associated biological processes. Orthologs of transcription factors known to regulate embryo development in angiosperms were differentially regulated during Zem and Sem development and in the different zygotic embryo tissues, providing clues to the differences in development observed between Zem and Sem. This resource represents the most comprehensive dataset available for exploring embryo development in conifers.
体细胞胚胎发生（SE）是研究胚胎发育的强大模型系统，也是扩大挪威云杉（Picea abies L. Karst）优良且适应气候的遗传材料可用性的重要方法。然而，与合子胚（Zem）发育相比，体细胞胚（Sem）发育过程中有几个步骤并不理想。这些差异目前了解甚少，并且在植物生产过程中导致大量产量损失，这限制了SE植株的经济高效大规模生产。本研究提供了一个全面的数据资源，描绘了合子胚和体细胞胚发育过程中的基因表达情况，以支持旨在深入了解控制胚胎发育的基因调控程序的研究。对挪威云杉合子胚发生（ZE）过程中的转录组表达模式进行了分析，包括雌配子体和Zem的分离样本，以及SE过程中的多个阶段。从胚性细胞团（PEMs）开始直至萌发的SE八个发育阶段的表达数据显示，转录组在早期和中期成熟胚之间以及干燥胚向萌发转变时发生了广泛的调节。对ZE和SE过程中基因表达变化的比较分析确定了基因表达变化模式的差异，这些差异的功能富集为相关生物学过程提供了见解。已知调控被子植物胚胎发育的转录因子的直系同源物在Zem和Sem发育过程以及不同的合子胚组织中受到差异调节，这为观察到的Zem和Sem发育差异提供了线索。该资源代表了可用于探索针叶树胚胎发育的最全面的数据集。
