Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 28;14(1):25685. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76208-0.
Emotion enhances the subjective experience of recollection. Previous research examined associations between memory accuracy and metamemory confidence judgments, but these studies have not quantified the relationship between accuracy and metacognitive confidence judgments. In this study we utilize signal detection theory frameworks to investigate how memory accuracy (measured by discrimination sensitivity) and the alignment between metamemory confidence judgments and memory accuracy (ie. metacognitive efficiency) varies for neutral and negative valence, as well as item and associative detail memory types. Our results indicate that valence and memory type have different effects on accuracy, confidence, and metacognitive efficiency. Negative valence was associated with enhanced accuracy for both items and associated details, but its relationship with response bias varied across memory types, with conservative recognition responses observed for items and liberal responses for associative details. We also observed a double dissociation between metamemory confidence judgements across valence and memory type with negative valence associated with increased confidence for item memory, but decreased confidence for associated details. Examining the association between memory accuracy and metamemory confidence revealed that metacognitive efficiency was greater for negatively valenced items compared to neutral, but this effect did not generalize to details associated with negatively valenced items. These findings advance our understanding of how arousing, negatively valenced information modulates memory and metacognition.
情绪增强了回忆的主观体验。先前的研究考察了记忆准确性和元记忆信心判断之间的关联，但这些研究并未量化准确性和元认知信心判断之间的关系。在这项研究中，我们利用信号检测理论框架来研究中性和负性效价以及项目和联想细节记忆类型如何影响记忆准确性（通过辨别敏感性衡量）和元记忆信心判断与记忆准确性的一致性（即元认知效率）。我们的结果表明，效价和记忆类型对准确性、信心和元认知效率有不同的影响。负性效价与项目和联想细节的准确性提高有关，但与记忆类型的反应偏差有关，对项目的识别反应保守，而对联想细节的反应自由。我们还观察到元记忆信心判断在效价和记忆类型之间存在双重分离，负性效价与项目记忆的信心增加有关，但与负性效价相关的细节的信心降低有关。检查记忆准确性和元记忆信心之间的关联表明，与中性相比，负性效价的项目的元认知效率更高，但这种效应不会推广到与负性效价项目相关的细节。这些发现增进了我们对唤起性、负性效价信息如何调节记忆和元认知的理解。
