Sierra-Diaz Erick, Puron-Cid Gabriel, Torres-Sanchez Joselyne Paola, García-Quintero Héctor Israel, Cisneros-García Diana Lorena, García-Gutierrez Mariana, Cremades Rosa, Sandoval-Pinto Elena
Epidemiology and Public Health, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, MEX.
Public Administration, Center for Economic Research and Teaching, A.C., Aguascalientes, MEX.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 26;16(9):e70263. doi: 10.7759/cureus.70263. eCollection 2024 Sep.
In recent years, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have been a priority topic for global institutions such as the World Health Organization because, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of HAIs as co-morbidity in infected patients was evident. HAIs can cause disability and mortality and lead to excessive healthcare costs. This work aims to calculate the prevalence of HAIs from 2019 to 2023 to determine their microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance.
A cross-sectional design was used for this study. To describe the population, univariate analysis, measures of central tendency, frequencies, and proportions were used.
The present study included 3,936 HAI notifications, which showed a significant decrease in their number during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in 2020. In 2021 and 2022, the numbers increased rapidly to around 30%. The most prevalent HAI type was ventilator-associated pneumonia, which had the highest prevalence in 2020. Regarding microorganism isolation, percentages increased after 2020 from 46% to 67%, with beingthe most frequent during and after pandemics. The microbiological profile showed multidrug resistance in several microorganisms.
HAIs are a global health concern. The number of cases has been increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to the multidrug-resistant microorganism. HAIs have an important impact on the quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and financial concerns for health services. Global strategies should be adapted for different regions, since the panaroma in developed countries allows for programs to be established for the prevention and control of HAIs in a better way than in low-income countries that lack adequate infrastructure and resources.
近年来，医疗保健相关感染（HAIs）一直是世界卫生组织等全球机构的优先议题，因为在新冠疫情期间，HAIs作为感染患者合并症的作用十分明显。HAIs可导致残疾和死亡，并引发过高的医疗费用。本研究旨在计算2019年至2023年HAIs的患病率，以确定其微生物学特征和抗生素耐药性。
本研究采用横断面设计。为描述总体情况，使用了单变量分析、集中趋势测量、频率和比例。
本研究纳入了3936份HAIs报告，结果显示在新冠疫情期间其数量显著下降，尤其是在2020年。2021年和2022年，数量迅速增加了约30%。最常见的HAIs类型是呼吸机相关性肺炎，其在2020年患病率最高。关于微生物分离，2020年后百分比从46%增加到67%，在疫情期间及之后最为常见。微生物学特征显示几种微生物存在多重耐药性。
HAIs是一个全球卫生问题。自新冠疫情以来，耐多药微生物导致的病例数量一直在增加。HAIs对生活质量、发病率、死亡率以及卫生服务的财务问题都有重要影响。由于发达国家的情况使得预防和控制HAIs的项目比缺乏足够基础设施和资源的低收入国家能更好地建立，因此应针对不同地区调整全球战略。
