Gutman H, Deutsch A A, Leiser A, Reiss R
Am J Gastroenterol. 1986 Feb;81(2):112-4.
Primary duodenal carcinoid causing a malignant carcinoid syndrome is rare. Herein a case is reported. In view of this case and a review of the literature, the carcinoid syndrome is almost pathognomonic of massive liver metastasis or involvement of organs whose venous drainage is not through the portal system. The right upper quadrant abdominal pains accompanied by symptoms that resemble even part of the carcinoid syndrome should initiate the investigational process including proximal gastrointestinal endoscopy to avoid delay in diagnosis of duodenal carcinoid.
导致恶性类癌综合征的原发性十二指肠类癌很罕见。本文报告一例。鉴于此病例并结合文献回顾，类癌综合征几乎是大量肝转移或静脉引流不通过门静脉系统的器官受累的特征性表现。伴有甚至类似于部分类癌综合征症状的右上腹腹痛应启动包括近端胃肠道内镜检查在内的调查过程，以避免十二指肠类癌诊断延误。
