Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Oct 4;103(40):e39902. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000039902.
Kneeling and half-kneeling training are common positions used in physical therapy. however, research on lower extremity muscle activity is lacking compared to the ergonomic aspects and trunk muscle activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on lower extremity muscle activity during squats in kneeling and half-kneeling positions. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study with a single group of healthy adults. Participants were instructed to perform squats while assuming 3 positions (standing, kneeling, and half-kneeling). Surface electromyography data were recorded 3 times from the rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), and biceps femoris (BF) on the participant's dominant side, and the mean values were analyzed. The participants performed squats for 9 seconds, with 4 seconds of the descent phase, 1 second of the maintenance phase, and 4 seconds of the ascent phase. A metronome was used to ensure precise timing. The study included 30 participants (19 males and 11 females). The muscle activities of the RF, GMed, and BF showed statistically significant differences among the 3 positions, being highest in the half-kneeling position (HKP), followed by the standing position (SP) and kneeling position (KP). The muscle activity of the GMax was significantly higher in the HKP than in the SP and KP (P < .05). The co-contraction ratio was significantly higher with KP than with the SP and HKP (P < .05). In the SP and KP, there were statistically significant differences between the ascent and descent phases of the RF, GMax, GMed, and BF (P < .05). In the HKP, there were statistically significant differences between the ascent and descent phases of the RF, GMax, and GMed (P < .05). The results of this study indicate that squats in the HKP (especially during the ascent phase) require the highest muscle activity, whereas squats in the KP (especially during the descent phase) can be performed with the lowest muscle activity. It can be concluded that these findings could serve as selective indicators for squat exercises and in enhancing postural control, muscle strength, and lower extremity stabilization.
跪姿和半跪姿是物理治疗中常用的姿势。然而，与人体工程学方面和躯干肌肉活动相比，针对下肢肌肉活动的研究较少。本研究旨在探讨在跪姿和半跪姿下进行深蹲时对下肢肌肉活动的影响。本研究设计为横断面研究，采用单一健康成年人组。参与者被要求在 3 种姿势（站立、跪姿和半跪姿）下进行深蹲。在参与者的优势侧，使用表面肌电图记录 3 次股直肌（RF）、臀大肌（GMax）、臀中肌（GMed）和股二头肌（BF）的数据，并分析平均值。参与者进行 9 秒的深蹲，下降阶段 4 秒，保持阶段 1 秒，上升阶段 4 秒。使用节拍器确保精确计时。本研究共纳入 30 名参与者（19 名男性和 11 名女性）。在 3 种姿势中，RF、GMed 和 BF 的肌肉活动存在显著差异，半跪姿（HKP）最高，其次是站立位（SP）和跪姿（KP）。GMax 的肌肉活动在 HKP 时显著高于 SP 和 KP（P < .05）。与 SP 和 HKP 相比，KP 的协同收缩率显著更高（P < .05）。在 SP 和 KP 中，RF、GMax、GMed 和 BF 的上升和下降阶段之间存在显著差异（P < .05）。在 HKP 中，RF、GMax 和 GMed 的上升和下降阶段之间存在显著差异（P < .05）。本研究结果表明，HKP 中的深蹲（尤其是上升阶段）需要最高的肌肉活动，而 KP 中的深蹲（尤其是下降阶段）可以用最低的肌肉活动完成。可以得出结论，这些发现可以作为深蹲练习的选择性指标，并增强姿势控制、肌肉力量和下肢稳定性。
