Sánchez Ramiro, Coca Antonio, de Salazar Dora I Molina, Alcocer Luis, Aristizabal Dagnovar, Barbosa Eduardo, Brandao Andrea A, Diaz-Velazco Margarita E, Hernández-Hernández Rafael, López-Jaramillo Patricio, López-Rivera Jesús, Ortellado José, Parra-Carrillo José, Parati Gianfranco, Peñaherrera Ernesto, Ramirez Agustín J, Sebba-Barroso Weimar K, Valdez Osiris, Wyss Fernando, Heagerty Anthony, Mancia Giuseppe
University Hospital Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
University Abat Oliba CEU, Barcelona, Spain.
J Hypertens. 2025 Jan 1;43(1):1-34. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003899. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
Hypertension is responsible for more than two million deaths due to cardiovascular disease annually in Latin America (LATAM), of which one million occurs before 70 years of age. Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, affecting between 20 and 40% of LATAM adults. Since the publication of the 2017 LASH hypertension guidelines, reports from different LATAM countries have confirmed the burden of hypertension on cardiovascular disease events and mortality in the region. Many studies in the region have reported and emphasized the dramatically insufficient blood pressure control. The extremely low rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, particularly in patients with metabolic disorders, is a recognized severe problem in LATAM. Earlier implementation of antihypertensive interventions and management of all cardiovascular risk factors is the recognized best strategy to improve the natural history of cardiovascular disease in LATAM. The 2024 LASH guidelines have been developed by a large group of experts from internal medicine, cardiology, nephrology, endocrinology, general medicine, geriatrics, pharmacology, and epidemiology of different countries of LATAM and Europe. A careful search for novel studies on hypertension and related diseases in LATAM, together with the new evidence that emerged since the 2017 LASH guidelines, support all statements and recommendations. This update aims to provide clear, concise, accessible, and useful recommendations for health professionals to improve awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the region.
在拉丁美洲（LATAM），高血压每年导致超过200万人死于心血管疾病，其中100万人在70岁之前死亡。高血压是心血管发病和死亡的主要危险因素，影响着20%至40%的拉丁美洲成年人。自2017年拉丁美洲高血压学会（LASH）高血压指南发布以来，来自拉丁美洲不同国家的报告证实了高血压对该地区心血管疾病事件和死亡率的负担影响。该地区的许多研究报告并强调了血压控制严重不足的情况。高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率极低，尤其是在患有代谢紊乱的患者中，这在拉丁美洲是一个公认的严重问题。尽早实施抗高血压干预措施并管理所有心血管危险因素，是公认的改善拉丁美洲心血管疾病自然病程的最佳策略。2024年LASH指南由来自拉丁美洲和欧洲不同国家的内科、心脏病学、肾脏病学、内分泌学、普通医学、老年医学、药理学和流行病学等领域的一大批专家制定而成。对拉丁美洲高血压及相关疾病的新研究进行仔细检索，并结合自2017年LASH指南发布以来出现的确凿新证据后，支持了所有的陈述和建议。本次更新旨在为卫生专业人员提供清晰、简洁、易懂且实用的建议，以提高该地区高血压及相关心血管危险因素的知晓率、治疗率和控制率水平。
