Ghosh Neha, Verma Saurabh
Centre for Industrial Pharmacy and Drugs Regulatory Affairs, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
Curr Med Res Opin. 2024 Dec;40(12):2095-2107. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2422005. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
The management of diabetes mellitus has undergone remarkable progress with the introduction of cutting-edge technologies in glucose monitoring and artificial pancreas systems. These innovations have revolutionized diabetes care, offering patients more precise, convenient, and personalized management solutions that significantly improve their quality of life. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent technological advancements in glucose monitoring devices and artificial pancreas systems, focusing on their transformative impact on diabetes care. A detailed review of the literature was conducted to examine the evolution of glucose monitoring technologies, from traditional invasive methods to more advanced systems. The review explores minimally invasive techniques such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and flash glucose monitoring (FGM) systems, which have already been proven to enhance glycemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. In addition, emerging non-invasive glucose monitoring technologies, including optical, electrochemical, and electro-mechanical methods, were evaluated. These techniques are paving the way for more patient-friendly options that eliminate the need for frequent finger-prick tests, thereby improving adherence and ease of use. Advancements in closed-loop artificial pancreas systems, which integrate CGM with automated insulin delivery, were also examined. These systems, often referred to as "hybrid closed-loop" or "automated insulin delivery" systems, represent a significant leap forward in diabetes care by automating the process of insulin dosing. Such advancements aim to mimic the natural function of the pancreas, allowing for better glucose regulation without the constant need for manual interventions by the patient. Technological breakthroughs in glucose monitoring and artificial pancreas systems have had a profound impact on diabetes management, providing patients with more accurate, reliable, and individualized treatment options. These innovations hold the potential to significantly improve glycemic control, reduce the incidence of diabetes-related complications, and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals living with diabetes. Researchers are continually exploring novel methods to measure glucose more effectively and with greater convenience, further refining the future of diabetes care. Researchers are also investigating the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to further enhance the precision and predictive capabilities of glucose monitoring and insulin delivery systems. With ongoing advancements in sensor technology, connectivity, and data analytics, the future of diabetes care promises to deliver even more seamless, real-time management, empowering patients with greater autonomy and improved health outcomes.
随着在血糖监测和人工胰腺系统中引入前沿技术，糖尿病的管理取得了显著进展。这些创新彻底改变了糖尿病护理，为患者提供了更精确、便捷和个性化的管理解决方案，显著提高了他们的生活质量。本综述旨在全面概述血糖监测设备和人工胰腺系统的最新技术进展，重点关注它们对糖尿病护理的变革性影响。我们对文献进行了详细回顾，以研究血糖监测技术从传统侵入性方法到更先进系统的演变。该综述探讨了微创技术，如连续血糖监测（CGM）系统和闪光血糖监测（FGM）系统，这些技术已被证明可增强血糖控制并降低低血糖风险。此外，还评估了新兴的非侵入性血糖监测技术，包括光学、电化学和机电方法。这些技术正在为更方便患者的选择铺平道路，消除了频繁手指采血检测的需求，从而提高了依从性和易用性。还研究了将CGM与自动胰岛素输送相结合的闭环人工胰腺系统的进展。这些系统通常被称为“混合闭环”或“自动胰岛素输送”系统，通过自动胰岛素给药过程代表了糖尿病护理的重大飞跃。此类进展旨在模拟胰腺的自然功能，无需患者持续手动干预即可实现更好的血糖调节。血糖监测和人工胰腺系统的技术突破对糖尿病管理产生了深远影响，为患者提供了更准确、可靠和个性化的治疗选择。这些创新有可能显著改善血糖控制，降低糖尿病相关并发症的发生率，并最终提高糖尿病患者的生活质量。研究人员不断探索更有效、更便捷地测量血糖的新方法，进一步完善糖尿病护理的未来。研究人员还在研究人工智能和机器学习算法的整合，以进一步提高血糖监测和胰岛素输送系统的精度和预测能力。随着传感器技术、连接性和数据分析的不断进步，糖尿病护理的未来有望实现更无缝的实时管理，赋予患者更大的自主权并改善健康结果。
