Wang Liangyan, Dai Shang, Jin Miaoren, Hong Qihua
Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Healthy (Hangzhou) Husbandry Sci-tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2024 Oct 25;40(10):3427-3440. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.230860.
Heavy metal pollution in water has become a global environmental problem, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health. Physical and chemical methods can effectively remove heavy metal pollutants, while their applications are limited due to the high costs, complex operation, and susceptibility to secondary pollution. Bioremediation is the most promising method for eliminating toxic pollutants. Microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and algae can convert toxic heavy metals into less toxic forms, which has become an effective and environmentally friendly solution for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in water environments. This paper expounds the toxicity and mechanism of heavy metal pollution, microbial remediation mechanisms, and primary microbial remediation strategies, providing a reference for the removal or reduction of metal pollutants in water environments as well as the development of related technologies.
水体中的重金属污染已成为全球性环境问题，威胁着水生生态系统和人类健康。物理和化学方法能有效去除重金属污染物，但其应用因成本高、操作复杂且易产生二次污染而受到限制。生物修复是消除有毒污染物最具前景的方法。包括细菌、真菌和藻类在内的微生物可将有毒重金属转化为毒性较低的形式，这已成为水环境中重金属污染修复的一种有效且环保的解决方案。本文阐述了重金属污染的毒性及作用机制、微生物修复机制和主要的微生物修复策略，为去除或降低水环境中的金属污染物以及相关技术的发展提供参考。
